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Historical Profiles of Trace Element Concentrations in Mangrove Sediments from the Ba Lat Estuary, Red River, Vietnam

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Abstract

Historical profiles of trace element concentrations were reconstructed from two mangrove sediment cores collected within the Ba Lat Estuary (BLE), Red River, Vietnam. Chronologies of sediment cores were determined by the 210Pb method, which showed that each respective sediment core from the south and north entrances of BLE provided a record of sediment accumulation spanning approximately 100 and 60 years. The profiles of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, V, Co, Sb, and Sn concentrations markedly increased from the years of the 1920s–1950s, and leveled out from 1950s–1980s, and then gradually decreased from 1980s to present. The profiles of Cd and Ag concentrations increased from 1920s–1940s, and then decreased from 1940s to present. The profile of Mo concentrations progressively increased from 1920s–1980s, then decreased to present. The Mn concentrations failed to show a clear trend in both sediment cores. Results from contamination factors, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical cluster analysis suggest that the trace elements were likely attributed to discharge of untreated effluents from industry, domestic sewage, as well as non-point sources. Pollution Load Index (PLI) revealed levels higher than other mangrove sediment studies, and the long-term variations in PLI matched significant socioeconomic shifts and population growth in Vietnam. Geoaccumulation Index showed that mangrove sediments were moderately polluted by Pb and Ag, and from unpolluted to moderately polluted by Zn, Cu, and Sb. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd exceeded the threshold effect levels and effect range low concentrations of sediment quality guidelines, implying that the sediments may be occasionally associated with adverse biological effects to benthic organisms.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the staff of Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam for their help with sampling. We express our sincere thanks to Dr. Todd W. Miller and anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews and comments which significantly improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the “Global COE Program” from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan

    Nguyen Tai Tue, Hideki Hamaoka, Shinsuke Tanabe & Koji Omori

  2. Faculty of Geology, Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tran Dang Quy & Mai Trong Nhuan

  3. Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan

    Atsuko Amano

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  1. Nguyen Tai Tue
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Correspondence to Nguyen Tai Tue.

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Tue, N.T., Quy, T.D., Amano, A. et al. Historical Profiles of Trace Element Concentrations in Mangrove Sediments from the Ba Lat Estuary, Red River, Vietnam. Water Air Soil Pollut 223, 1315–1330 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0947-x

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