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Heavy Metal Concentration Survey in Soils and Plants of the Les Malines Mining District (Southern France): Implications for Soil Restoration

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Abstract

Mining activities generate spoils and effluents with extremely high metal concentrations of heavy metals that might have adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Therefore, information on soil and plant metal concentrations is needed to assess the severity of the pollution and develop a strategy for soil reclamation such as phytoremediation. Here, we studied soils and vegetation in three heavily contaminated sites with potential toxic metals and metalloids (Zn, Pb, Cd, As, TI) in the mining district of Les Malines in the Languedoc region (southern France). Extremely high concentrations were found at different places such as the Les Aviniéres tailing basins (up to 160,000 mg kg–1 Zn, 90,000 mg kg–1 Pb, 9,700 mg kg–1 of As and 245 mg kg–1 of Tl) near a former furnace. Metal contamination extended several kilometres away from the mine sites probably because of the transport of toxic mining residues by wind and water. Spontaneous vegetation growing on the three mine sites was highly diversified and included 116 plant species. The vegetation cover consisted of species also found in non-contaminated soils, some of which have been shown to be metal-tolerant ecotypes (Festuca arvernensis, Koeleria vallesiana and Armeria arenaria) and several Zn, Cd and Tl hyperaccumulators such as Anthyllis vulneraria, Thlaspi caerulescens, Iberis intermedia and Silene latifolia. This latter species was highlighted as a new thallium hyperaccumulator, accumulating nearly 1,500 mg kg–1. These species represent a patrimonial interest for their potential use for the phytoremediation of toxic metal-polluted areas.

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Notes

  1. For ease and convenience, both metals and metalloids are hereafter referred to as metals.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Guy Delmot for authorising the work at the Les Avinières site and for his kind hospitality. We also thank Perrine Gauthier, Violette Sarda and David Degueldre for their technical assistance and Cécile Grand (Ademe) for her scientific and administrative help. This research was fully supported by a contract with the Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie (Ademe contract 04.72.C.0037).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR CNRS 5175, Route de Mende 1919, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France

    Jose Escarré, Stephan Raboyeau, Anabelle Dossantos & Christian Collin

  2. Laboratoire d’Ecologie végétale et de Biogéochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB-Campus de la plaine, C5, CP244. Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium

    Claude Lefèbvre, Wolf Gruber & Nausicaa Noret

  3. INRA, USC1242, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Campus International de Baillarguet TA A-82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 05, France

    Jean Claude Cleyet Marel & Stephanie Mahieu

  4. Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Université Lille 1, Bâtiment SN2, 59655, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France

    Helene Frérot

  5. INRA, UR 251 Physicochimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d’Agrosystèmes Contaminés (Pessac), RD-10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France

    Folkert van Oort

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  1. Jose Escarré
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Escarré, J., Lefèbvre, C., Raboyeau, S. et al. Heavy Metal Concentration Survey in Soils and Plants of the Les Malines Mining District (Southern France): Implications for Soil Restoration. Water Air Soil Pollut 216, 485–504 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0547-1

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