Abstract
The kinetics of the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by sodium tetraborate (NTB)-modified kaolinite clay adsorbent was studied. A one-stage and two-stage optimization of equilibrium data were carried out using the Langmuir and time-dependent Langmuir models, respectively. Increasing temperature was found to increase the pseudo-second order kinetic rate constant and kinetic data for Pb2+ adsorption were found to fit well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model (PSOM) while that for Cd2+ were found to show very good fit to the modified pseudo-first order kinetic model (MPFOM). Binary solutions of Pb2+ and Cd2+ reduced the adsorption capacity of the modified adsorbent for either metal ion with increased initial sorption rate due to competition of metal ions for available adsorption sites. The use of NTB-modified kaolinite clay adsorbent reduces by approximately 72.2% and 96.3% the amount of kaolinite clay needed to adsorb Pb2+ and Cd2+ from wastewater solutions. From the two-stage batch adsorber design study, the minimum operating time to determine a specified amount of Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal was developed. The two-stage batch adsorption process predicted less than half the minimum contact time to reach equilibrium in the one-stage process for the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by NTB-modified kaolinite clay adsorbent and requires 0.05 times the mass of the adsorbent for the single-stage batch adsorption at the same operating conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adebowale, K. O., Unuabonah, I. E., & Olu-Owolabi, B. I. (2008a). Chemical Engineering Journal, 136, 99–107. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.012.
Adebowale, K. O., Unuabonah, E. I., & Olu-Owolabi, B. I. (2008b). Erratum to “Adebowale K.O., Unuabonah I.E. and Olu-Owolabi B.I. 2008 [Chem. Eng. J., 136:199–107]”. Chemical Engineering Journal, 142(1), 133. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2008.04.016.
Bhattacharyya, K. G., & Gupta, S. S. (2006). Separation and Purification Technology, 50, 388–397. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2005.12.014.
Ho, Y. S. (2004). Scientometrics, 59(1), 171–177. doi:10.1023/B:SCIE.0000013305.99473.cf.
Ho, Y. S., & McKay, G. (1998). Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 76(B4), 313–318. doi:10.1205/095758298529678.
Ho, Y. S., & McKay, G. (1999a). Trans. I Chem. E (Norwalk, Conn.), 77B, 165–173.
Ho, Y. S., & McKay, G. (1999b). Adsorption Science and Technology, 17(4), 233–243.
Ho, Y. S., & McKay, G. (2000). Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 124, 141–153. doi:10.1023/A:1005218411809.
Ho, Y. S., & Ofomaja, A. E. (2005). Process Biochemistry, 40, 3455–3461. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2005.02.017.
Lagergren, S. (1898). Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens. Handlingar. Band, 24(4), 1–39.
Li, D., Huang, S., Wang, W., & Peng, A. (2001). Chemosphere, 44, 663–669. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00357-X.
Mehmet, E., & Arzu, O. (2005). Separation and Purification Technology, 42, 259–264. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2004.08.004.
Moore, D. M., & Reynolds Jr., R. C. (1989). X-ray diffraction and the Identification and analysis of clay minerals pp. 179–201. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Unuabonah, E. I., Adebowale, K. O., Olu-Owolabi, B. I., Yang, L. Z., & Kong, L. X. (2008). Hydrometallurgy, 93, 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.02.009.
Yang, X., & Al-Duri, B. (2005). Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 287, 25–34. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2005.01.093.
Acknowledgement
The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Academy of Sciences for the Third World (TWAS), and the Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China, for their support during this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Unuabonah, E.I., Adebowale, K.O. & Ofomaja, A.E. Two-stage Batch Adsorber Design: A Time-Dependent Langmuir Model for Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ onto Modified Kaolinite Clay. Water Air Soil Pollut 200, 133–145 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9899-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9899-1