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Differential Effects of Bentazon and Molinate on Anabaena cylindrica, an Autochthonous Cyanobacterium of Portuguese Rice Field Agro-ecosystems

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Abstract

The effects of bentazon and molinate, two selective herbicides recommended for integrated weed management in rice, were studied in Anabaena cylindrica, an abundant cyanobacterium isolated from a Portuguese rice field agro-ecosystem. Comparative effects of both herbicides on A. cylindrica were estimated under laboratory conditions by measuring its dry weight yield, photopigments, and carbohydrate and protein contents in a time- and dose-dependent exposure throughout 72 h. Photosynthesis and respiration were also monitored. The results revealed that both herbicides exerted a pleiotropic effect on the cyanobacterium at the range of concentrations tested (0.75–2 mM). Growth, chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins were more adversely affected by molinate than by bentazon. Cyanobacterial growth inhibitions of over 50% were observed after 48 h when 1.5–2 mM of molinate were applied. Bentazon concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 2 mM did not significantly modified chlorophyll a content with time, however, considerable reductions in chlorophyll a, carotenoids and specially phycobiliproteins were observed with molinate. Protein content increased with both herbicides although the effect was particularly noticeable with the highest concentration of molinate. Herbicide effects on carbohydrate content were contrasting: molinate increased this organic fraction whereas bentazon decrease it. Photosynthesis and respiration were inhibited by both herbicides and higher molinate concentrations (1.5–2 mM) completely ceased O2 evolution after 48 h. Since A. cylindrica is abundant in Portuguese rice fields and could be used as an inoculum source in rice biofertilization programs, their protection from potential residual effects of herbicides is fundamental for a correct management of local soil fertility.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a doctoral grant to Victor Galhano from Foundation for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, Portuguese Government (ref. SFRH/BD/17582/2004). The authors are indebted to the anonymous referee for a critical and constructive reading of the manuscript and also for valuable suggestions.

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  1. Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering/Centre for Technological Studies on Environment and Life, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013-5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    V. Galhano & J. Gomes-Laranjo

  2. Chemistry Department/Centre of Animal Sciences and Veterinary, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013-5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    F. Peixoto

  3. Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    E. Fernández-Valiente

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  1. V. Galhano
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Galhano, V., Peixoto, F., Gomes-Laranjo, J. et al. Differential Effects of Bentazon and Molinate on Anabaena cylindrica, an Autochthonous Cyanobacterium of Portuguese Rice Field Agro-ecosystems. Water Air Soil Pollut 197, 211–222 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9804-y

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