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Concentration and Sources of PM10 and its Constituents in Alsasua, Spain

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Abstract

Ambient concentrations of PM10 were measured every fifteen minutes from November 2002 to October 2003 at Alsasua (Northern Spain) using a laser particle counter. A high volume sampler was also used to collect 24-h integrated PM10 samples at a frequency of three running days per week (i.e. three consecutive PM10 samples followed by five days without sampling) for gravimetric determination of PM10 mass concentrations followed by chemical analysis of its chemical components. The annual mean PM10 concentration obtained using the laser particle counter with gravimetric correction was 22.7 μg m−3 (365 days), while the mean for the gravimetric samples was 29.5 μg m−3 (134 days). A total of 94 integrated PM10 samples were analyzed for 60 chemical species using a combination of inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP) and ion chromatography (IC). The concentrations of the main PM10 components were found to be generally in agreement with the values reported for other Spanish cities. Bilinear Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF2) was used to study the sources of PM10 and its constituents. Six main sources of PM10 were identified (average contribution to total PM10 mass in parentheses): crustal material (35%), secondary sulfate (21%), secondary nitrate (14%), motor vehicles (12%), sea-salt aerosol (12%) and metallurgical industries (3%).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, Pamplona, 31080, Spain

    Jon Zabalza & Jesús M. Santamaría

  2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA

    David Ogulei, Philip K. Hopke, Jong Hoon Lee & Injo Hwang

  3. Institute of Earth Science “Jaume Almera”, CSIC-c/Luis y Sabaris s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Xavier Querol & Andrés Alastuey

Authors
  1. Jon Zabalza
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  2. David Ogulei
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  3. Philip K. Hopke
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  4. Jong Hoon Lee
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  5. Injo Hwang
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  6. Xavier Querol
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  8. Jesús M. Santamaría
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Correspondence to Philip K. Hopke.

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Zabalza, J., Ogulei, D., Hopke, P.K. et al. Concentration and Sources of PM10 and its Constituents in Alsasua, Spain. Water Air Soil Pollut 174, 385–404 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9136-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9136-8

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