Abstract
Intensive animal farming has resulted in overproduction of manure in parts of the industrialized world. The localized excessive nutrient emission has detrimental effects on both ecology and economy. In response to European guidelines, Flanders (Belgium) has imposed obligations on the agricultural sector to process a portion of the produced animal manure. To achieve the stringent criteria for discharge of processed waste water, overly expensive engineering techniques are currently required (mostly membrane technology). This paper examines the potential of more economic physico-chemical techniques for P-removal from pre-treated liquid animal manure. Two techniques for dephosphatation were performed sequentially: (i) the use of flocculants (FeCl3, FeCl2, FeClSO4, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC), Na Aluminate) and subsequently, (ii) the use of substrates to further reduce P-levels by adsorption or precipitation (expanded clay (argex), Fe-oxide powder, clay, calcinated clay, alganite, sand). The P-removal efficiencies obtained in this research are promising to consider implementation of physico-chemical P-removal as an intermediary step in animal manure processing after secondary pre-treatment in an activated sludge reactor and before tertiary treatment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aguilar, M. I., Saez, J., Llorens, M., Soler, A. and Ortuno, J. F.: 2002, ‘Nutrient removal and sludge production in the coagulation–flocculation process’, Water Res. 36, 2910–2919.
Arias, C. A., Del Bubba, M. and Brix, H.: 2001, ‘Phosphorus removal by sands for use as media in subsurface flow constructed reed beds’, Water Res. 35, 1159–1168.
Barrow, J. T., Van Horn, H. H., Andreson, D. L. and Norsteds, R. A.: 1997. ‘Effects of Fe and Ca additions to dairy waste waters on solids and nutrient removal by sedimentation’, Appl. Eng. Agric. 13, 259–267.
Cameron, K., Madramootoo, C., Crolla, A. and Kinsley, C.: 2003, ‘Pollutant removal from municipal sewage lagoon effluents with a free-surface wetland’, Water Res. 37, 2803–2812.
Drizo, A., Frost, C. A., Grace, J. and Smith, K. A.: 1999, ‘Physico-chemical screening of phosphate-removing substrates for use in constructed wetland systems’, Water Res. 33, 3595–3602.
Feyaerts, T., Huybrechts, D. and Dijkmans, R.: 2002, Best Available Techniques for Manure Processing, 2nd edn., Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 363 pp. [In Dutch]
Hill, V. R. and Sobsey, M. D.: 2001, ‘Removal of Salmonella and microbial indicators in constructed wetlands treating swine waste water’, Water Sci. Technol. 44, 215–222.
Hunt, P.G. and Poach, M. E.: 2001, ‘State of the art for animal waste water treatment in constructed wetlands’, Water Sci. Technol. 44, 19–25.
Lauwers, L., Campens, V., Lenders, S., Wustenberghs, H., Ducheyne, S., Van Gijseghem, D. and Overloop, S.: 2002, ‘Agriculture’, in Environmental Report Flanders, MIRA-T 2002, VMM, pp. 77–86. [In Dutch]
Meers, E., Rousseau, D. P. L., Blomme, N., Lesage, E., Du Laing, G., Tack, F. M. G. and Verloo, M. G.: 2004, ‘Tertiary treatment of the liquid fraction of pig manure with Phragmites australis’, Water, Air Soil Pollut. 160, 15–26.
Powers, W. J. and Flatow, L. A.: 2002, ‘Flocculation of swine manure: Influence of flocculant, rate of addition, and diet’, Appl. Eng. Agric. 18, 609–614.
Sherman, J. J., Van Horn, H. H. and Norstedt, R. A.: 2000, ‘Use of flocculants in dairy waste waters to remove phosphorus’, Appl. Eng. Agric. 16, 445–452.
Stone, K. C., Poach, M. E., Hunt, P. G. and Reddy, G. B.: 2004, ‘Marsh-pond-marsh constructed wetland design analysis for swine lagoon wastewater treatment’, Ecol. Eng. 23, 127–133.
Sun, G., Gray, K. R., Biddlestone, A. J., Allen, S. J. and Cooper, D. J.: 2003, ‘Effect of effluent recirculation on the performance of a reed bed system treating agricultural wastewater’, Process Biochem. 39, 351–357.
Van Ranst, E., Verloo, M., Demeyer, A. and Pauwels, J. M.: 1999, Manual for the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Laboratory, Ghent University, Faculty Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 243 pp.
VCM: 2004, Flemish Coordination Centre Manure Processing, http://www.vcm-mestverwerking.be.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Meers, E., Rousseau, D.P.L., Lesage, E. et al. Physico-Chemical P Removal from the Liquid Fraction of Pig Manure as an Intermediary Step in Manure Processing. Water Air Soil Pollut 169, 317–330 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-3112-1
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-3112-1