Abstract
A novel sensor partitioning placement model is presented to evenly distribute sensors to water distribution systems (WDS) for monitoring leakages and contamination. First, random walk community detection (RWCD) is used to divide WDS into different partitions. Then, an extended period leakage detection (EPLD) model is presented. The total leakage detection and the average time of leakage detection are used as objective functions for pressure sensor placement. Next, the extended period water quality detection (EPWQD) model is presented. The total intrusion detection, the average percentage of clean water, and the average time of water quality detection are used as objective functions for water quality sensor placement. Evolutionary algorithm (EA) modules are applied to optimize the locations of pressure and water quality sensors. Seven networks are employed to verify the practicability of the model. The results show that leakage and intrusion detection rate is up to 85% during 24 h, and the average percentage of clean water is up to 0.9 in these cases. Finally, the model compares the leakage zone identification (LZI) and the water quality sensor placement strategy (WQSPS) models. The total detection number, the total average time of detection, and the total average percentage of clean water have been improved. Therefore, this model is a high-potential way of sensor placement.
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The data supporting this study's findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (NO.2019YFC0408304), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21477018), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2232020G-04).
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Tianwei Mu: Investigation, Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Writing - Original Draft. Manhong Huang: Data Curation, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Shi Tang: Formal analysis, Validation, Inspection. Gang Chen: Resources, Validation, Inspection. Rui Zhang: Visualization. Baiyi Jiang: Project administration.
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Mu, T., Huang, M., Tang, S. et al. Sensor Partitioning Placements via Random Walk and Water Quality and Leakage Detection Models within Water Distribution Systems. Water Resour Manage 36, 5297–5311 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03312-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03312-z