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Changes in Irrigation Planning and Development Parameters Due to Climate Change

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Abstract

Considering changes in irrigation planning and development due to climate change is necessary to avoid system failure. This study demonstrated that changes in dependable flow and diversion water requirements in the future due to climate change will reduce potential irrigable areas. Climate change were based on the published projected climate in the study area. The dependable flow derived from successfully calibrated and validated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model streamflow simulations and the diversion water requirements based on the CROPWAT estimations of irrigation scheme were used to assess the potential irrigable areas. Substantial reductions in potential rice production areas (-4% to – 39%) were largely due to dwindled dependable flow (-1% to -25%) and an increase in diversion water requirement (+ 7% to + 26%). Reduction in potential irrigable area was projected during dry and normal years and may worsen towards the late twenty-first century under the worst-case climate scenario. Swelling of rivers during wet years will increase stream flows and potential irrigable areas but may also pose a danger of flooding. The development of water storage structures is necessary to reduce the adverse impacts of too much water during the wet years. Crop calendars should also be retrofitted to optimize the use of available rainfall during dry and normal years and climate-proof future irrigation systems. The results showed that it is necessary to incorporate climate change in irrigation planning and development. The methodologies described here could be used to climate-proof future irrigation systems in other areas in the Philippines and other countries.

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Acknowledgements

The DOST – Engineering Research and Development for Technology, the DOST – Science Education Institute, the DOST – Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development, and the Department of Agriculture – Bureau of Agricultural Research funded and supported this research. The authors would also like to thank the technical data support of the following agencies: Department of Public Works and Highways, National Mapping and Resource Information Authority, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, Isabela State University, and World Wide Fund for Nature-Philippines, as well as Ms. Marissa H. Valdez for proofreading this paper. 

Funding

This research was funded and supported by the DOST – Engineering Research and Development for Technology, DOST- Science Education Institute, DOST- Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development, and Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Agricultural Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Engineering, Isabela State University, Echague, Isabela, Philippines

    Lanie A. Alejo

  2. Magat River Integrated Irrigation System, Dam and Reservoir Division, National Irrigation Administration, Ramon, Isabela, Philippines

    Arlen S. Alejandro

Authors
  1. Lanie A. Alejo
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  2. Arlen S. Alejandro
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Contributions

L.A. Alejo conceptualized and designed the study, as well as supervised and prepared the article. A.S. Alejandro gathered data, conducted analysis, and participated and contributed in the preparation and writing of the article.

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Correspondence to Lanie A. Alejo.

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Alejo, L.A., Alejandro, A.S. Changes in Irrigation Planning and Development Parameters Due to Climate Change. Water Resour Manage 36, 1711–1726 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03105-4

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