Abstract
In this study, a simple site-specific index entitled “Discharge Effect Index (DEI)” was developed to rank and control the potential risks of point sources discharges effects to Ergene River and its branches. The basin is densely populated and heavily industrialized and all the water bodies in the basin are effluent-dependent or dominated. A case study is presented to assess the most important pollution parameters in the water bodies and to evaluate relationship between toxicity to Vibrio fischeri organism and chemical parameters in receiving waters. The aim of the study was to develop a simple site-specific control approach for seriously polluted and effluent-dominated water bodies in this developing country, Turkey and guide to decision makers about controlling point sources pollution in such heavily industrialized basins and achieve ‘good chemical status’ in ambient waters. The results of the study should be useful to encourage site-specific policies on point sources pollution especially to who had such these pollution problems in their receiving water bodies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aguayo S, Muñoz MJ, Torre A, Roset J, Peña E, Carballo M (2004) Identification of organic compounds and ecotoxicological assessment of sewage treatment plants (STP) effluents. Sci Total Environ 328:69–81
APHA (1992) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 18th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington D.C
Boluda R, Quintanilla JF, Bonilla JA, Sáez E, Gamón M (2002) Application of the Microtox® test and pollution indices to the study of water toxicity in the Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain). Chemosphere 46(2):355–369
Borja A, Galparsoro I, Solaun O, Muxika I, Tello EM, Uriarte A, Valencia V (2006) The European Water Framework Directive and the DPSIR, a methodological approach to assess the risk of failing to achieve good ecological status. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 66:84–96
Breitholtz M, Rudén C, Hansson SO, Bengtsson BE (2006) Ten challenges for improved ecotoxicological testing in environmental risk assessment. Ecotox Environ Safe 63(2):324–335
Brooks BW, Riley TM, Taylor RD (2006) Water quality of effluent-dominated ecosystems: ecotoxicological, hydrological, and management considerations. Hydrobiologia 556:365–379
Chapman PM, Ho KT, Munns WR, Solomon K, Weinstein MP (2002) Issues in sediment toxicity and ecological risk assessment. Mar Pollut Bull 44:271–278
Chen CS (2005) Ecological risk assessment for aquatic species exposed to contaminants in Keelung River, Taiwan. Chemosphere 61(8):1142–1158
CWA Group (2006) Clean Water Advisory Group Effluent Dominated Streams Department of Natural Resources Water Protection Programme Water Pollution Control Branch. http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/wpp/docs/cwf-effluentd.pdf Accessed 23 August 2009.
DEEEP (2003) The management of complex ındustrial wastewater discharges: introducing the direct estimation of ecological effect potential (DEEEP) approach: a discussion document. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa
Emmanuel E, Perrodin P, Keck G, Blanchard JM, Vermande P (2005) Ecotoxicological risk assessment of hospital wastewater: a proposed framework for raw effluents discharging into urban sewer network. J Hazard Mater 117(1):1–11
Håkanson L (1980) Ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Res 14:975–1001
He M, Wang Z, Tang H (1998) The chemical, toxicological and ecological studies in assessing the heavy metal pollution in Le An River, China. Water Res 32(2):510–518
IPPC (2006) Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control. Guidance on the use of DTA in PPC Impact Assessments, Version 1, D. Leverett Biological Laboratory Environment Agency.
ISO 11348-3 (1999) Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fisheri (Luminescent bacteria test).
Klauer B, Rode M, Schiller J, Franko U, Mewes M (2012) Decision support for the selection of measures according to the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive. Water Resour Manag 26:775–798. doi:10.1007/s11269-011-9944-5
Kotti ME, Vlesidis AG, Thanasoulias NC, Evmiridis NP (2005) Assessment of river quality in northwestern Greece. Water Resour Manag 19:77–94
Krause-Jensen D, Greve MT, Nielsen K (2005) Eelgrass as a bioindicator under the European Water Framework Directive. Water Resour Manag 19:63–75
Manusadžianas L, Balkelyte L, Sadauskas K, Blinova I, Põllumaa L, Kahru A (2003) Ecotoxicological study of Lithuanian and Estonian wastewaters: selection of the biotests, and correspondence between toxicity and chemical-based indices. Aquat Toxicol 63:27–41
MEF (2008) Ministry of Environment and Forest, Meriç-Ergene River Basin Protection and Management Plan, Turkey.
Mendonça E, Picado A, Paixão SM, Silva L, Cunha MA, Leitão S, Moura I, Cortez C, Brito F (2009) Ecotoxicity tests in the environmental analysis of wastewater treatment plants: Case study in Portugal. J Hazard Mater 163(2–3):665–670
Mladenov N, Strzepek K, Serumola EM (2005) Water quality assessment and modeling of an effluent-dominated stream, the Notwane River, Botswana. Environ Monit Assess 109:97–121
Novotny V (2007) From wingspread to sustainable urban waters and watersheds, International Symposium and New Directions in Urban Water Management, Unesco, Paris, September 12–14.
Pekey H, Karakaş D, Ayberk S, Tolun L, Bakoğlu M (2004) Ecological risk assessment using trace elements from surface sediments of İzmit Bay (Northeastern Marmara Sea) Turkey. Mar Pollut Bull 48(9–10):946–953
Smolders R, Coen WD, Blust R (2004) An ecologically relevant exposure assessment for a polluted river using an integrated multivariate PLS approach. Environ Pollut 132:245–263
Sponza DT (2003) Application of toxicity tests into the discharges of the pulp-paper industry in Turkey. Ecotox Environ Safe 54:74–86
TWPCR (2004) Turkish water pollution control regulation. Official Newspaper, December 31, No:25687.
USEPA (1991) Technical support document for water quality-based toxics control. EPA- 505/2-90-001.
USEPA (1998) Guidelines for ecological risk assessment. Risk Assessment Forum. U.S. Environmental Agency, Washington DC, p 114
USEPA (1999) Toxicity reduction evaluation guidance for municipal wastewater treatment plants. U.S. Environmental Agency, Washington DC, EPA 833-B-99-002.
Von Sperling M, Chernicharo CAL (2002) Urban wastewater treatment technologies and the implementation of discharge standards in developing countries. Urban Water 4(1):105–114
Whitehouse P (2001) Measures for protecting water quality. Current approaches and future developments. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe 56:115–126
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Güneş, E., Talınlı, İ. A Site-Specific Index to Control the Total Effect of Point Sources Discharges and to Achieve ‘Good Chemical Status’ in Effluent Dependent and Effluent Dominated Water Bodies: Application on Ergene River Basin. Water Resour Manage 27, 221–237 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0180-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0180-4