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The Phenomenon of Social Enterprises: Are We Keeping Watch on This Cultural Practice?

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Abstract

Social enterprises have reached world levels as an alternative to combat negative effects of the economy such as unemployment, poor distribution of income, and poverty, thus stimulating social entrepreneurship with local actions directed especially to excluded communities. This article corresponds to a study that uses the bibliometric method to analyze the world scientific literature on social enterprises in order to research on the possible existence of investigation projects that may have approached the cultural dimension of said phenomenon. Studies in this field may contribute to the establishment of social enterprises as a cultural practice, for the promotion of a more equitable social and economic development. The analysis of the scientific publications inherent to the topic, suggests, among other results, that the academic production is diverse, but there is still a lack of initiatives in order to explore new perspectives concerning the phenomenon. On the other hand, similarities in the motivation of the studies allow outlining 10 categories that evidence the most interest in the research on social enterprises.

Résumé

Les entreprises sociales ont obtenu le statut d’alternative mondiale pour réduire les effets négatifs de l’économie dans la vie contemporaine, tels que la dégradation de l’environnement, le chômage, l’inégalité des revenus et la pauvreté, stimulant ainsi l’entrepreneuriat social avec des actions locales notamment pour les communautés exclues. Cet article utilise la méthode bibliométrique pour analyser la production scientifique mondiale sur les entreprises sociales. L’analyse des publications scientifiques en rapport avec notre thème indique, parmi d’autres résultats, que la production universitaire est faible mais qu’elle se développe rapidement et est émergente dans le monde entier. Parmi les différents sujets examinés, le problème du développement de la gestion d’entreprise est l’un des plus importants. Néanmoins, nous avons encore besoin d’initiatives pour explorer de nouvelles perspectives du phénomène qui tiennent compte, par exemple, du progrès mondial des entreprises sociales comme pratique culturelle favorisant un développement socioéconomique plus équitable.

Zusammenfassung

Sozialunternehmen haben inzwischen den Status einer globalen Alternative zur Reduzierung der negativen wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen im modernen Leben, wie ökologische Degeneration, Arbeitslosigkeit, Einkommensungleichheit und Armut, wobei das soziale Unternehmertum durch lokale Maßnahmen insbesondere für ausgegrenzte Gemeinschaften stimuliert wird. In diesem Artikel wird die bibliometrische Methode angewandt, um die globale wissenschaftliche Produktion zu sozialen Unternehmen zu untersuchen. Die Analyse wissenschaftlicher Veröffentlichungen zu unserem Thema weist unter anderem darauf hin, dass die akademische Produktion zwar klein ist, jedoch derzeit weltweit zunimmt. Einer der wichtigsten Diskussionspunkte ist das Problem der Entwicklung des Unternehmensmanagements. Trotzdem benötigen wir noch immer Initiativen zur Erforschung neuer Perspektiven zu dem Phänomen, die beispielsweise den globalen Fortschritt der sozialen Unternehmen als eine kulturelle Praktik berücksichtigen, die eine gerechtere sozio-öknonomische Entwicklung fördert.

Resumen

Los empresas sociales han logrado el estatus de una alternativa global para reducir los efectos negativos de la economía en la vida contemporánea, tales como la degradación medioambiental, el desempleo, la desigualdad de ingresos y la pobreza, estimulando el emprendimiento social con acciones locales especialmente para las comunidades excluidas. El presente artículo utiliza el método bibliométrico para analizar la producción científica global sobre las empresas sociales. El análisis de publicaciones científicas relacionadas con nuestro tema sugiere, entre otros resultados, que la producción académica es pequeña, pero está creciendo y emergiendo en todo el mundo. Entre los diversos temas tratados, la preocupación por el desarrollo de la gestión empresarial es uno de los más importantes. Sin embargo, seguimos necesitando iniciativas para explorar nuevas perspectivas del fenómeno, que consideren, por ejemplo, el progreso global de las empresas sociales como una práctica cultural que fomenta un desarrollo socioeconómico más igualitario.

摘要

经济发展对当代生活造成了一些负面影响,例如环境恶化、失业、收入不平等和贫穷,社会企业通过刺激社会创业,在地方采取行动,尤其是排除在外的群体,已经成为全球减少经济带来的这些负面影响的可选方案。本文使用文献计量学法,对社会企业在全球的科学生产进行了分析。通过对和我们的话题有关的科学出版物进行分析,我们的其中一条发现是,学术生产在全球的规模虽小,但已经产生并在不断增长。在讨论的各种话题中,对企业管理的发展的关注尤为重要,但我们还要从新的角度来 探讨这一现象,例如,社会企业通过文化实践活动在全球实现社会经济更公平发展上取得的进展。

ملخص

حققت المؤسسات الإجتماعية حالة وجود بديل عالمي للحد من الآثار السلبية للإقتصاد في الحياة المعاصرة، مثل التدهور البيئي ، البطالة ،عدم المساواة في الدخل والفقر، تحفيز المشاريع الإجتماعية مع الإجراءات المحلية وخاصة بالنسبة للمجتمعات التي تم إستبعادها. تستخدم هذه المقالة طريقة الببليومترية لتحليل الإنتاج العلمي العالمي حول المشاريع الإجتماعية. تحليل المنشورات العلمية المتعلقة بموضوعنا يشيرإلى، من بين نتائج أخرى، أن الإنتاج العلمي صغير، لكنه ينمو ويظهر في جميع أنحاء العالم . بين مختلف المواضيع التي نوقشت، القلق مع تطور إدارة الأعمال هو أحد الأشياء المهمة كثيرا”. مع ذلك، ما زلنا بحاجة إلى مبادرات لإكتشاف أفاق جديدة لهذه الظاهرة، التي تعتبر، على سبيل المثال، التقدم العالمي للمؤسسات الإجتماعية كممارسة ثقافية التي تشجع على التنمية الإجتماعية والإقتصادية الأكثر إنصافا”.

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The author would like to thank Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo for funding translation service.

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Gonçalves, C.P., Carrara, K. & Schmittel, R.M. The Phenomenon of Social Enterprises: Are We Keeping Watch on This Cultural Practice?. Voluntas 27, 1585–1610 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9624-9

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