Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

How do Perceived Benefits and Costs Predict Volunteers’ Satisfaction?

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The impact of volunteer tourism on participants has gained interest in tourism research with popular topics of study such as motivation, expectations, and values. However, only a few studies have examined outcomes of the experience such as satisfaction and most works were purely descriptive. The purpose of this research is to find out more about the drivers of satisfaction focusing on experienced benefits and costs with the volunteer experience. The paper reports a quantitative online survey distributed to volunteers (n = 290) via volunteer organizations operating on all continents. Regression analyses show that experienced benefits relating to the self and the career are positively and costs are negatively correlated with satisfaction.

Résumé

L’impact du tourisme bénévole sur les participants a suscité un intérêt pour la recherche sur le tourisme grâce à des thèmes populaires d’étude comme la motivation, les attentes et les valeurs. Toutefois, seules quelques études ont examiné les résultats de l’expérience, tels la satisfaction, et la plupart des travaux étaient purement descriptifs. Le but de cette recherche est d’en apprendre davantage sur les facteurs de satisfaction en s’intéressant principalement aux avantages ressentis et aux coûts de l’expérience du bénévolat. Le document présente une étude quantitative en ligne distribuée aux volontaires (n = 290) par l’intermédiaire d’organismes bénévoles présents sur tous les continents. Les analyses de régression montrent que les bénéfices ressentis liés à l’individu et à la carrière sont corrélés positivement à la satisfaction et les coûts négativement.

Zusammenfassung

Die Auswirkungen des Voluntourismus auf die Teilnehmer sind von zunehmenden Interesse für die Tourismusforschung mit beliebten Studienthemen, wie Motivation, Erwartungen und Werte. Allerdings haben nur wenige Studien die Folgen der Erfahrung, wie Zufriedenheit, untersucht, und die meisten Arbeiten waren rein deskriptiv. Zweck dieser Studie ist es, mehr über die Zufriedenheitstreiber herauszufinden, wobei man sich auf den erlebten Nutzen und die Kosten im Zusammenhang mit der Erfahrung der Ehrenamtlichen konzentriert. Die Abhandlung berichtet über eine quantitative Online-Befragung, die über ehrenamtliche Organisationen auf allen Kontinenten an Ehrenamtliche (n = 290) verteilt wurde. Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass der erlebte Nutzen mit Hinblick auf das Selbst und die Karriere in positiver Beziehung und die Kosten in negativer Beziehung zur Zufriedenheit standen.

Resumen

El impacto del turismo solidario sobre las participantes ha ganado interés en la investigación del turismo con temas populares de estudio como la motivación, las expectativas y los valores. Sin embargo, sólo unos pocos estudios han examinado los resultados de la experiencia, tales como la satisfacción, y la mayoría de los estudios fueron meramente descriptivos. El propósito de la presente investigación es averiguar más cosas sobre los impulsores de la satisfacción centrándose en los beneficios y costes experimentados en la experiencia del voluntario. El documento presenta una encuesta online cuantitativa distribuida a voluntarios (n = 290) a través de organizaciones de voluntarios que operaban en todos los continentes. Los análisis de regresión muestran que los beneficios experimentados relativos a uno mismo y a la carrera estaban correlacionados positivamente y los costes estaban correlacionados negativamente con la satisfacción.

摘要

志愿者旅游(volunteer tourism)对于参与者的影响已经引起旅游业学者的兴趣,许多流行的研究课题包括动机、期望与价值。然而,只有少数研究对体验结果(例如满意度)进行检视,而且现有的有关研究纯粹是描述性的。本研究的目的在于更深入地探究提高满意度的因素,重点关注所体验到成本与效益对满意度的影响。本研究通过各大陆地区的志愿者组织向志愿者(n = 290)进行网上调查。本文对该定量调查的结果进行汇报。回归分析显示:所体验到的关于自身与职业的效益与满意度呈正相关,所体验到的成本则与与满意度呈负相关.

ملخص

لقد إكتسب تأثير سياحة المتطوعين على المشاركين إهتمام الأبحاث السياحية مع المواضيع المحبوبة للدراسة مثل الدافع والتوقعات والقيم. مع ذلك، فحصت دراسات قليلة فقط نتائج تجربة مثل الرضا وكانت معظم الأعمال تعتمد على الوصف البحت. الغرض من هذا البحث هو معرفة المزيد حول الدوافع للتركيز بإرتياح على الفوائد والتكاليف مع خبرة المتطوعين من ذوي الخبرة. يذكر البحث إستطلاع رأي كمي على الإنترنت تم توزيعه على متطوعين (ن = 290) عن طريق المنظمات التطوعية العاملة في جميع القارات. تحليل الإنحدار يبين أن الخبرة تفيد الأشياء المتعلقة بالذات والمهنية بطريقة إيجابية وترتبط التكاليف سلبا˝ مع الإرتياح.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander, Z. (2012). The impact of a volunteer tourism experience, in South Africa, on the tourist: The influence of age, gender, project type and length of stay. Tourism Management Perspectives, 4(October), 119–126. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2012.07.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andereck, K., McGehee, N. G., Lee, S., & Clemmons, D. (2012). Experience expectations of prospective volunteer tourists. Journal of Travel Research, 51(2), 130–141. doi:10.1177/0047287511400610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, J. S. (2012). Illusions in regression analysis. International Journal of Forecasting, 28(3), 689–694. doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2012.02.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, J. (1990). The effects of retail store environments on consumer perceptions of quality, price and value. College Station, TX: Dissertation Texas A & M University.

  • Bang, H., & Chelladurai, P. (2009). Development and validation of the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE). International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 6(4), 332–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bang, H., Won, D., & Kim, Y. (2009). Motivations, commitment, and intentions to continue volunteering for sporting events. Event Management, 13(2), 69–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G. S. (1965). A theory of the allocation of time. The Economic Journal, 75(3), 493–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, M., & Freytag, A. (2013). Volunteering, subjective well-being and public policy. Journal of Economic Psychology, 34, 97–119. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2012.11.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W., & Engel, J. F. (2001). Consumer Behavior (9th ed.). Orlando, FL: Harcourt College Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. J., & Morrison, A. M. (2003). Expanding volunteer vacation participation—An exploratory study on the Minimission concept. Tourism Recreation Research, 28(3), 73–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgham, M., & Downward, P. (2005). Why volunteer, time to volunteer? A case study from swimming. Managing Leisure, 10(2), 79–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callanan, M., & Thomas, S. (2005). Volunteer tourism. In M. Noveli (Ed.), Niche tourism (pp. 183–200). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cattan, M., Hogg, E., & Hardill, I. (2011). Improving quality of life in ageing populations: What can volunteering do? Maturitas, 70(4), 328–332. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.08.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, L.-J., & Chen, J. S. (2011). The motivations and expectations of international volunteer tourists: A case study of “Chinese village traditions”. Tourism Management, 32(2), 435–442. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2010.01.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clary, G. E., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J., et al. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach. Joumal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1516–1530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, K. S. (2000). Advances in the microfoundations of sociology: Recent developments and new challenges for social psychology. Contemporary Sociology, 29(5), 685–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crompton, J. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crompton, J. L., & Mc Kay, S. L. (1997). Motives of visitors attending festival events. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 425–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K., & Hult, G. T. M. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 193–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. doi:10.1177/0149206305279602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodds, W. B. (1996). Perceived value: A dimension of the consumer risk construct. Mid-American Journal of Business, 11(1), 15–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doherty, A. (2009). The volunteer legacy of a major sport event. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 1(3), 185–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downward, P., & Ralston, R. (2006). The sports development potential of sports event volunteering: Insights from the XVII Manchester commonwealth games. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6(4), 333–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du Boulay, C. (1996). What does it take to manage volunteers. Australian Journal on Volunteering, 1(2), 4–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Einolf, C. J. (2011). Gender differences in the correlates of volunteering and charitable giving. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(6), 1092–1112. doi:10.1177/0899764010385949.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairley, S., Kellett, P., & Green, C. (2007). Volunteering abroad: Motives for travel to volunteer at the Athens Olympic Games. Journal of Sport Management, 21(1), 41–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fayos Gardó, T., Gallarza Granizo, M., Arteaga Moreno, F., & Floristán Imizcoz, E. (2013). Measuring socio-demographic differences in volunteers with a value-based index: Illustration in a mega event. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,. doi:10.1007/s11266-013-9393-2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gigerenzer, G., & Brighton, H. (2009). Homo heuristicus: Why biased minds make better inferences. Topics in Cognitive Science, 1(1), 107–143. doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2008.01006.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granger, K., Lu, V. N., Conduit, J., Veale, R., & Habel, C. (2014). Keeping the faith! Drivers of participation in spiritually-based communities. Journal of Business Research, 67(2), 68–75. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimm, K. E., & Needham, M. D. (2012). Moving beyond the “I” in motivation: Attributes and perceptions of conservation volunteer tourists. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 488–501. doi:10.1177/0047287511418367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guttentag, D. A. (2009). The possible negative impacts of volunteer tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11(1), 537–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J., Black, W., & Babin, B. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handy, F., Cnaan, R. A., Brudney, J. L., Ascoli, U., Meijs, L. C. M. P., & Ranade, S. (2000). Public perception of “Who is a volunteer”: An examination of the net-cost approach from a cross-cultural perspective. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 11(1), 45–65. doi:10.1023/a:1008903032393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, K., & Smith, K. (2012). Managing volunteers in tourism. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, K., Smith, K. A., Lockstone-Binney, L., & Baum, T. (2010). Developing the dimensions of tourism volunteering. Leisure Sciences, 32(3), 255–269. doi:10.1080/01490401003712689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), 597–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hustinx, L., & Lammertyn, F. (2004). The cultural bases of volunteering: Understanding and predicting attitudinal differences between flemish red cross volunteers. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 33(4), 548–584. doi:10.1177/0899764004269144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(2), 256–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, L., & Adarlo, G. (2014). Bridging cultures through unpaid labor: US volunteer teachers’ experiences in China’s Yunnan Province. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,. doi:10.1007/s11266-014-9519-1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janoski, T., & Wilson, J. (1995). Pathways to voluntarism: Family socialization and status transmission models. Social Forces, 74(1), 271–292. doi:10.1093/sf/74.1.271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis, N., & Blank, C. (2011). The importance of tourism motivations among sport event volunteers at the 2007 World artistic gymnastics championships, Stuttgart, Germany. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 16(2), 129–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jayanti, R. D., & Ghosh, A. K. (1996). Service value determination: An integrative perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 34(4), 5–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. (2004). Review of gap year provision. Research Report No 555. London: Department of Education and Skills, University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. O., & Sasser, E. (1995). Why satisfied customers defect. Harvard Business Review, 73(6), 88–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, P. (2003). Consumer motivation in a tourism context: Continuing the work of Maslow, Rokeach, Vroom, Deci, Haley and others. In Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (Ed.), Conference Proceedings (pp. 600–614). Adelaide: ANZMAC.

  • Kemp, S. (2002). The hidden workforce: Volunteers learning in the Olympics. Journal of European Industrial Training, 26(2/3/4), 109–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S., Lee, C., & Klenosky, D. B. (2003). The influence of push and pull factors at Korean National Parks. Tourism Management, 24(2), 169–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lockstone-Binney, L., Holmes, K., Smith, K., & Baum, T. (2010). Volunteers and volunteering in leisure: Social science perspectives. Leisure Studies, 29(4), 435–455. doi:10.1080/02614367.2010.527357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyons, K. D. (2003). Ambiguities in volunteer tourism: A case study of Australians participating in a J-1 visitor exchange program. Tourism Recreation Research, 28(3), 5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacDuff, N. (1995). Episodic volunteering. In T. D. Connors (Ed.), The Volunteer Management Handbook (pp. 187–205). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, J. G., & White, H. (1985). Some heteroskedasticity consistent covariance matrix estimators with improved finite sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 29(3), 305–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGehee, N. G. (2002). Alternative tourism and social movements. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 124–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGehee, N. G. (2012). Oppression, emancipation, and volunteer tourism: Research Propositions. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 84–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGehee, N. G., & Andereck, K. (2009). Volunteer tourism and the “voluntoured”: the case of Tijuana, Mexico. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(1), 39–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGehee, N. G., & Santos, C. (2005). Social change, discourse and volunteer tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 760–779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh, A. J., & Zahra, A. (2007). A cultural encounter through volunteer tourism: Towards the ideals of sustainable tourism? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(5), 541–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meeker, B. F. (1971). Decisions and exchange. American Sociological Review, 36(3), 485–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molm, L. D. (2003). Theoretical comparisons of forms of exchange. Sociological Theory, 21(1), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molm, L. D., Peterson, G., & Takahashi, N. (2003). In the eye of the beholder: Procedural justice in social exchange. American Sociological Review, 68(1), 128–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oh, H. (2000). Diners’ perceptions of quality, value and satisfaction. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41(3), 58–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R. L. (1981). Measurement and evaluation of satisfaction processes in retail settings. Journal of Retailing, 57(3), 25–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, J. W. (2000). Prediction in multiple regression. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 7(2), Retrieved May 12, 2014 from http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?v=2017&n=2012.

  • Perkins, K. B. (1989). Volunteer firefighters in the United States: A descriptive study. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 18(3), 269–277. doi:10.1177/089976408901800308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, D. K. (2004). Benefits of participation in corporate volunteer programs: Employees' perceptions. Personnel Review, 33(6), 615–627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrick, J. F. (2004a). First timers’ and repeaters’ perceived value. Journal of Travel Research, 43(1), 29–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrick, J. F. (2004b). The roles of quality, value, and satisfaction in predicting cruise passengers’ behavioral intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 397–407. doi:10.1177/0047287504263037.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizam, A., & Mansfeld, Y. (1999). Consumer behaviour in travel and tourism. New York et al.: Hawthorne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rust, R. T., & Oliver, R. L. (1994). Service quality: Insights and managerial implication from the frontier. In R. T. Rust & R. L. Oliver (Eds.), Service quality: New directions in theory and practice (pp. 1–19). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, A., Ford, J. B., & West, D. C. (2006). Perceptual determinants of nonprofit giving behavior. Journal of Business Research, 59(2), 155–165. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.04.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2010). Consumer Behaviour. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söderman, N., & Snead, S. L. (2008). Opening the gap: The motivation of gap year travellers to volunteer in Latin America. In K. Lyons & S. Wearing (Eds.), Journeys of discovery in volunteer tourism (pp. 118–129). Wallingford: CABI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, R. A. (1996). Volunteering: A serious leisure perspective. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 25(2), 211–224. doi:10.1177/0899764096252005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, R. A. (2004). Introduction. In R. A. Stebbins & M. Graham (Eds.), Volunteering as leisure/leisure as volunteering. An international assessment (pp. 1–11). Wallingford: CABI Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, R. A. (2007). Serious leisure: A perspective of our time. New Brunswick, NJ: AldineTransaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, R. A., & Graham, M. (2004). Volunteering as leisure/leisure as volunteering: An international assessment. Wallingford: CABI.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Stigler, G. J., & Becker, G. S. (1977). De gustibus non est disputandum. The American Economic Review, 67(2), 76–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stutzer, A., & Frey, B. S. (2010). Recent advances in the economics of individual subjective well-being. Social Research, 77(2), 679–714.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, P. D., Panagouleas, T., & Nichols, G. (2012). Determinants of sports volunteering and sports volunteer time in England. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 4(2), 201–220. doi:10.1080/19406940.2012.656679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thibault, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomazos, K., & Butler, R. (2012). Volunteer tourists in the field: A question of balance? Tourism Management, 33(1), 177–187. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.02.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wakefield, K. L., & Barnes, J. H. (1996). Retailing hedonic consumption: A model of sales promotion of a leisure service. Journal of Retailing, 72(4), 409–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waternaux, C. M. (1976). Asymptotic distribution of the sample roots for a nonnormal population. Biometrika, 63(3), 639–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wearing, S. (2001). Volunteer tourism: Experiences that make a difference. Wallingford, UK: CABI.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wearing, S., & McGehee, N. G. (2013). Volunteer tourism: A review. Tourism Management, 38, 120–130. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2013.03.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weerts, D. J., & Ronca, J. M. (2007). Profiles of supportive alumni: donors, volunteers, and those who “do it all”. International Journal of Educational Advancement, 7(1), 20–34. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ijea.2150044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, H. (1980). A heteroscedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroscedasticity. Econometrica, 48(4), 817–838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, P., Hallmann, K., & Breuer, C. (2013). Analyzing the impact of sport infrastructure on sport participation using geo-coded data: Evidence from multi-level models. Sport Management Review, 16(1), 54–67. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2012.05.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J., & Musick, M. (1999). The effects of volunteering on the volunteer. Law and Contemporary Problems, 62(4), 141–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodruff, R. B. (1997). Customer value: The next source for competitive advantage. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(2), 139–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodside, A. G. (2013). Moving beyond multiple regression analysis to algorithms: Calling for adoption of a paradigm shift from symmetric to asymmetric thinking in data analysis and crafting theory. Journal of Business Research, 66(4), 463–472. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.12.021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2002). Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahra, A., & McGehee, N. G. (2013). Volunteer tourism: A host community capital perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 42(July), 22–45. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2013.01.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany

    Kirstin Hallmann

  2. MCI Management Center Innsbruck, Weiherburggasse 8, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Anita Zehrer

Authors
  1. Kirstin Hallmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anita Zehrer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kirstin Hallmann.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hallmann, K., Zehrer, A. How do Perceived Benefits and Costs Predict Volunteers’ Satisfaction?. Voluntas 27, 746–767 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9579-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9579-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation