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Characterization and genome analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_SpuP_Spp16 that infects Salmonella enterica serovar pullorum

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Abstract

A novel virulent bacteriophage vB_SpuP_Spp16 (hereafter designated Spp16) that infects Salmonella enterica serovar pullorum was isolated. Transmission electron microscopy showed that Spp16 possessed an isometric polyhedral head (60 nm in diameter) and a short tail (10 nm in length) belonging to the family Podoviridae. Its complete genome was determined to be 41,832 bp, with a 39.46% GC content by next-generation sequencing. The genome contains 53 proposed open reading frames that are involved in DNA replication and modification, transcriptional regulation, phage structural and packaging proteins and bacterial lysis. No transfer RNA genes were identified. The termini of genome were determined using our previously proposed termini identification method, which suggests that this phage has redundant termini with 421 bp direct terminal repeats. BLASTn analysis revealed the highest sequence similarity with Yersinia phage phi80-18, with a genome coverage of 33% and highest sequence identity of 69%. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Spp16 forms a distinct branch of the subfamily Autographivirinae. Comparative genomics analysis showed that the phage Spp16 should be regarded as a new subcluster within the GAP227-like cluster in the Autographivirinae subfamily. The phage Spp16 has an obligate lytic life cycle demonstrated by experimental data and genomic analysis. These results suggest that Spp16 may be a proper candidate to control diseases caused by Salmonella enterica serovar pullorum.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Guangqian Pei, Yunfei Wang, Yonghuan Wang, and Yibao Chen for their help during this work.

Funding

This study was funded by the Nature Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (grant no. ZR2015CM020), and the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and biosecurity (SKLPBS1518).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, 266109, China

    Feiyang Zhao, Xiangying Zhou & Huiying Ren

  2. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China

    Feiyang Zhao, Manli Li & Yigang Tong

  3. Qingdao Phagepharm Bio-tech Co, Ltd, Shandong, 266109, China

    Huzhi Sun, Guangqin Liu, Cui Wang, Shuang Liu & Yingting Zhuang

Authors
  1. Feiyang Zhao
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  2. Huzhi Sun
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  3. Xiangying Zhou
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  4. Guangqin Liu
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  5. Manli Li
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  6. Cui Wang
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  7. Shuang Liu
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  8. Yingting Zhuang
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  9. Yigang Tong
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  10. Huiying Ren
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Contributions

Yigang Tong and Huiying Ren conceived and designed the experiments and critically evaluated the manuscript. Feiyang Zhao carried out the data analysis and wrote the manuscript. Guangqin Liu isolated and identified the phage. Huzhi Sun and Xiangying Zhou carried out the experiments. Manli Li analyzed the phage sequences. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yigang Tong or Huiying Ren.

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Zhao, F., Sun, H., Zhou, X. et al. Characterization and genome analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_SpuP_Spp16 that infects Salmonella enterica serovar pullorum. Virus Genes 55, 532–540 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-019-01664-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-019-01664-0

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