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Studies on differential behavior of cassava mosaic geminivirus DNA components, symptom recovery patterns, and their siRNA profiles

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Abstract

Cassava mosaic disease caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) with bipartite genome organization is a major constraint for production of cassava in the African continent and the Indian sub-continent. Currently, there are eleven recognized species of CMGs, and several diverse isolates represent them, with vast amount of sequence variability, reflecting into diversity of symptom severity/phenotypes. Here, we make a systematic effort to study the infection dynamics of several species of CMGs and their isolates. Further, we try to identify the genomic component of CMGs contributing to the manifestation of diverse patterns of symptoms and the molecular basis for the differential behavior of CMGs. The pseudo-recombination studies carried out by swapping of DNA-A and DNA-B components of the CMGs revealed that the DNA-B component significantly contributes to the symptom severity. Past studies had shown that the DNA-A component of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus shows monopartite feature. Thus, the ability of DNA-A component alone, to replicate and move systemically in the host plant with inherent monopartite features was investigated for all the CMGs. Geminiviruses are known to trigger gene silencing and are also its target, resulting in recovery of the host plant from viral infection. In the collection of several different CMG species and isolates we had, there was a vast variability in their recovery and non-recovery phenotypes. To understand the molecular basis of this, the origin and distribution of virus-derived small interfering RNAs were mapped across their genome and across the CMG-infected symptomatic Nicotiana benthamiana.

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Acknowledgments

The funding was from Monsanto Fund and United States Agency for International Development (USAID). We thank Dr. John Stanley, John Innes Institute (United Kingdom), for providing several clones of CMGs used in this study. We acknowledge Dr. Nigel Taylor and his team for providing tissue cultured cassava plants, Mr. Samuel Amiteye for his help in cloning work, the DDPSC greenhouse staff for excellent care of the plants and Dr. B. Bagewadi for suggestions to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Claude M. Fauquet

    Present address: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Apartado Aéreo, 6713, Cali, Colombia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Rd., St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA

    Basavaprabhu L. Patil & Claude M. Fauquet

  2. National Research Center on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India

    Basavaprabhu L. Patil

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  1. Basavaprabhu L. Patil
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Correspondence to Basavaprabhu L. Patil.

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Patil, B.L., Fauquet, C.M. Studies on differential behavior of cassava mosaic geminivirus DNA components, symptom recovery patterns, and their siRNA profiles. Virus Genes 50, 474–486 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-015-1184-y

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