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Host-specific adaptation of diverse betasatellites associated with distinct Indian tomato-infecting begomoviruses

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Abstract

Tomato leaf curl viruses cause major crop loss hindering tomato cultivation worldwide. The ‘Old World’ begomoviruses are often associated with circular ssDNA satellite molecules called betasatellites. In the present study, replication compatibility of five different betasatellites with three distinct Indian tomato-infecting begomoviruses representing each of a monopartite, a mono-bipartite and a bipartite begomoviruses was studied. All the betasatellites could be trans-replicated by the begomoviruses in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, however, not uniformly in tomato. Tomato leaf curl Joydebpur betasatellite—Magrahat could not induce symptom with any of these begomoviruses in tomato, whereas only Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus could trans-replicate Radish leaf curl betasatellite in this plant species. However, none of the betasatellites were found to complement the movement function of a bipartite begomovirus in tomato. Unlike tomato, the trans-replication/maintenance of betasatellites by these begomoviruses in N. benthamiana could be due to its compromised host defence machinery. Co-infection of betasatellites with these viruses did not enhance the helper virus accumulation, but the incubation period was reduced. The possible factors involved in this host-driven adaptability of betasatellites were also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

PR acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India for providing the fellowship. This research work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India through a grant (SR/SO/PS-87/08) to SC.

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Author notes

  1. A. K. Singh

    Present address: School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382 030, Gujarat, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India

    Punam Ranjan, R. Vinoth Kumar, Saumik Basu & S. Chakraborty

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  1. Punam Ranjan
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  2. A. K. Singh
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  3. R. Vinoth Kumar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Chakraborty.

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11262_2013_1031_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Fig. S1 Alignment of SCR region of selected betasatellites used in this study. Nonanucleotide sequence is boxed in blue showing the start nucleotide position 1 for the vir-sense ori. Highly conserved stretch of approximately 86 nucleotides upstream of the predicted stem-loop structure is shown which consists of the sequence GCTACGC occurs twice (boxed in brown) in the conserved region of all DNA-β sequences (JPEG 115 kb)

11262_2013_1031_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

Fig. S2 Alignment of selected betasatellites complementary sense sequence showing conserved TATA box (gray box) and CAAT box (blue box) positions. Numbers given on the side represents the upstream position with reference to start codon (+1) of Dhn-βC1. G box found in Mgβ sequence was boxed in black (JPEG 221 kb)

11262_2013_1031_MOESM3_ESM.jpg

Fig. S3 Alignment of the nucleotide sequence of betasatellites to identify inverted repeats in the predicted Rep-interacting region. Inverted repeats which has similar position to inverted repeats of AYVB (boxed in blue) and iteron in case of ToLCV-Sat (boxed in brown), are represented by boxes (purple for Dhnβ, Rmβ, orange for Pβ, green for Rlβ and pink for Mgβ). Additional inverted repeats for all betasatellites sequences are boxed in black. Numbers appearing on the side of alignment are with reference to the position 1 for v-sense orientation (JPEG 158 kb)

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Ranjan, P., Singh, A.K., Kumar, R.V. et al. Host-specific adaptation of diverse betasatellites associated with distinct Indian tomato-infecting begomoviruses. Virus Genes 48, 334–342 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-013-1031-y

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