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Antigenic, genetic, and pathogenic characterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from dead whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) found in northern Japan in 2008

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Abstract

In April and May 2008, whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) were found dead in Hokkaido in Japan. In this study, an adult whooper swan found dead beside Lake Saroma was pathologically examined and the identified H5N1 influenza virus isolates were genetically and antigenically analyzed. Pathological findings indicate that the swan died of severe congestive edema in the lungs. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes of the isolates revealed that they are the progeny viruses of isolates from poultry and wild birds in China, Russia, Korea, and Hong Kong. Antigenic analyses indicated that the viruses are distinguished from the H5N1 viruses isolated from wild birds and poultry before 2007. The chickens vaccinated with A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/2004 (H5N1) survived for 14 days after challenge with A/whooper swan/Hokkaido/1/2008 (H5N1), although a small amount of the challenge virus was recovered from the tissues of the birds. These findings indicate that H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses are circulating in wild birds in addition to domestic poultry in Asia and exhibit antigenic variation that may be due to vaccination.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank for Hokkaido Government for their cooperation in collecting the samples. This research was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (Start-up) 20890006, 2008. This research was also supported by Global Centers of Excellence Program from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan

    Masatoshi Okamatsu, Naoki Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Yoshimi Tsuda, Norikazu Isoda & Hiroshi Kida

  2. Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan

    Tomohisa Tanaka & Takashi Umemura

  3. Avian Biologics Department, Kyoto Biken Laboratories, Inc., Uji, Kyoto, 611-0041, Japan

    Takashi Sasaki & Norihide Kokumai

  4. Research Center of Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan

    Ayato Takada & Hiroshi Kida

Authors
  1. Masatoshi Okamatsu
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  2. Tomohisa Tanaka
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  3. Naoki Yamamoto
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  4. Yoshihiro Sakoda
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  7. Norikazu Isoda
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  8. Norihide Kokumai
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  9. Ayato Takada
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  10. Takashi Umemura
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  11. Hiroshi Kida
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Kida.

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Okamatsu, M., Tanaka, T., Yamamoto, N. et al. Antigenic, genetic, and pathogenic characterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from dead whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) found in northern Japan in 2008. Virus Genes 41, 351–357 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-010-0530-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-010-0530-3

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