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Genetic diversity and distribution of tomato-infecting begomoviruses in Iran

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Abstract

The incidence and severity of tomato leaf curl disease (TLCD) is increasing worldwide. Here we assess the diversity and distribution within tomato producing areas of Iran of begomoviruses that cause this disease. Tomato with typical TLCD symptoms and asymptomatic weeds were collected in 2005 and 2006 and tested for the presence of begomovirus DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of cloned and sequenced PCR products revealed that both mono- and bipartite begomoviruses are associated with TLCD in Iran. Furthermore, our results confirmed the symptomless infection with mono- and bipartite begomoviruses of two weed species, Chrozophora hierosolymitana Spreng (Euphobiaceae) and Herniaria sp. (Caryophyllaceae). Eighteen Iranian begomovirus isolates were classified into two major groups and two or three subgroups according to the 5′-proximal 200 nucleotides of the coat protein (CP) gene or the N-terminal 600 nucleotides of the Rep gene. Whereas most of the monopartite isolates showed closest similarity to tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Gezira (TYLCV-Ge), the three bipartite isolates were most similar to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). Mixed mono- and a bipartite begomovirus infections were detected in both tomato and C. hierosolymitana. Our results indicate that the tomato producing areas in central, southern, and southeastern Iran are threatened by begomoviruses originating from both the Mediterranean basin and the Indian subcontinent.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Dr K. Izadpanah for critical reading and correcting the manuscript. This study was supported by grants from Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Roya Fazeli, Jahangir Heydarnejad, Hossain Massumi & Mahdi Shaabanian

  2. Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa

    Arvind Varsani

  3. School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Ilam, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Arvind Varsani

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  1. Roya Fazeli
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Correspondence to Jahangir Heydarnejad.

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Fazeli, R., Heydarnejad, J., Massumi, H. et al. Genetic diversity and distribution of tomato-infecting begomoviruses in Iran. Virus Genes 38, 311–319 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-008-0310-5

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