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Phylogenetic and functional relationships in pastures and meadows from the North Adriatic Karst

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Abstract

Probably due to its phytogeographic position, the grasslands in the North Adriatic Karst are among the richest grasslands in the world and harbour the highest small-scale density of plant species found in terrestrial habitats. Different moisture and soil conditions determine distinct vegetation types, such as meadows, composed by mesophyllous plants and on mesic conditions, and semi-natural pastures, composed by sclerophyllous plants and on oligotrophic conditions. Even though plants in these two vegetation types differ in some of their attributes, their functional and phylogenetic relationships remain to be tested. We used a dataset comprising 180 species, in which 48 plots in the meadows and 52 plots in the pastures had been sampled, and tested the phylogenetic and functional relationships between the two vegetation types. The pastures contained more original species, but both the pastures and the meadows are expected to be important to increase biodiversity at landscape level. Different community assembly processes occurred in the two vegetation types, with limiting similarity leading to functional overdispersion in the meadows and environmental filtering leading to functional clustering in the pastures. Overall, traits were convergent, leading to a clustered phylogenetic structure in the meadows, probably due to pair-wise competition, and an overdispersed phylogenetic structure in the pastures, where species from different clades were filtered by the oligotrophic conditions. Transhumance may have contributed to the random pattern of trait diversity we found across the nodes of the phylogenetic tree.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to ‘Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo’, for financial support, and to Mitja Kaligarič, for support and helpful comments on the paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, SI-2000, Maribor, Slovenia

    Nataša Pipenbaher & Sonja Škornik

  2. Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, PO Box 676, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil

    Gustavo Henrique de Carvalho & Marco Antônio Batalha

Authors
  1. Nataša Pipenbaher
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  2. Sonja Škornik
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  3. Gustavo Henrique de Carvalho
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  4. Marco Antônio Batalha
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marco Antônio Batalha.

Appendix

Appendix

Appendix 1

See Table 5

Table 5 Families and references used to assess the relationships among species sampled in the North Adriatic Karst, Slovenia
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Appendix 2

See Fig. 2

Fig. 2
figure 2

Phylogenetic tree assembled for the species sampled in the North Adriatic Karst, Slovenia. The relationships among species were based mostly on Bell et al. (2010)

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Pipenbaher, N., Škornik, S., de Carvalho, G.H. et al. Phylogenetic and functional relationships in pastures and meadows from the North Adriatic Karst. Plant Ecol 214, 501–519 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-013-0185-y

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