Progression of kidney disease in elderly stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease patients

Abstract

Purpose

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been rising steadily in the elderly population. We studied the rate of progression of CKD in this population and the factors associated with progression of CKD to better identify patients who are likely to progress to ESRD.

Methods

This was an observational study including 4562 patients older than 65 years with two outpatient estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) of <60 ml/min/1.73 m², at least 90 days apart with no intervening eGFR >60 ml/min/1.73 m² (March 1, 2001, and March 31, 2008) at VA healthcare facilities. Patients with eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m² were excluded. Annual rate of decline of eGFR was studied and categorized as <1 ml/min/1.73 m², 1–4 ml/min/1.73 m², and >4 ml/min/1.73 m².

Results

Mean age of the study participants was 77.2 years. 24.3% were diabetics. 4.3% had proteinuria. In univariate comparison of different rates of progression, 54.2% patients had an annual rate of progression of <1 ml/min/1.73 m². Multivariable mixed model analyses revealed that increasing age, body mass index, presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and proteinuria were associated with significantly increased rate of progression of CKD. Serum albumin and hemoglobin level were inversely associated with progression of CKD.

Conclusions

CKD progresses at a slower rate in the elderly population. We have identified risk factors associated with an increased risk of progression of CKD in the elderly. This may help to improve health care planning and resource utilization.