Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the effect of implanted S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) coating polypropylene mesh in foreign-body response of rats.
Methods
Thirty female rats underwent to subcutaneous implant of five polypropylene (PP) fragments: uncoated PP (control); PP polyvinylalcohol (PVA) coated and PP PVA + GSNO (1, 10 and 70 mMol) coated. After euthanasia (4 and 30 days), eight slides were prepared from each animal: hematoxylin–eosin (inflammatory response); unstained (birefringence collagen evaluation); TUNEL technique (apoptosis); and five for immunohistochemical processing: CD-31 (angiogenesis), IL-1 and TNF-α (proinflammatory cytokynes), iNOS (NO synthesis) and MMP-2 (collagen metabolism). The inflammation area, birefringence index, apoptotic index, immunoreactivity and vessel density were objectively measured.
Results
Inflammatory reaction area at 4 days was 11.3, 15.2, 25.1, 17.1 and 19.3% of pure PP, PVA, GSNO 1, 10 and 70 mM, respectively, p = 0.0006 (PP × Others). At 30 days lower inflammatory area was observed in GSNO 10 and 70 mM compared to pure PP (5.3, 5.2 and 11.1%, respectively, p = 0.0001). Vessel density was higher for GSNO 1 mM (25.5%) compared to pure PP (19.6%) at 30 days only, p = 0.0081. Apoptotic index at 4 days was lower for GSNO 1 mM (49.3%) than pure PVA (60.6%), p = 0.0124. GSNO 10 and 70 mM reduced their apoptotic index at 30 days compared to 4 days (49.9 vs. 36.9 and 59.1 vs. 47.5%, respectively, p = 0.0397). Birefringence index, IL-1, TNF, MMP-2 and iNOS were not different.
Conclusions
Depending on concentrations, GSNO can increase angiogenesis, reduce inflammation and apoptosis compared to pure PP, without impact on cytokine, collagen organization/metabolism and endogenous NO synthesis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wu JM, Matthews CA, Conover MM et al (2014) Lifetime risk of stress urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Obstet Gynecol 123:1201–1206. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000286
Deval B, Haab F (2003) Whatʼs new in prolapse surgery? Curr Opin Urol 13:315–323. doi:10.1097/00042307-200307000-00008
Zeplin PHP, Larena-Avellaneda AA, Jordan MM et al (2010) Phosphorylcholine-coated silicone implants: effect on inflammatory response and fibrous capsule formation. Ann Plast Surg 65:560–564. doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181d6e326
Baessler K, Maher CF (2006) Mesh augmentation during pelvic-floor reconstructive surgery: risks and benefits. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 18:560–566. doi:10.1097/01.gco.0000242961.48114.b0
Prudente A, Riccetto CLZ, de Simões MMSG et al (2013) Impregnation of implantable polypropylene mesh with S-nitrosoglutathione-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 108:178–184. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.018
Andreollo NA, Santos EFD, Araújo MR, Lopes LR (2012) Idade dos ratos versus idade humana: qual é a relação? Arq Bras Cir Dig (São Paulo) 25:49–51. doi:10.1590/S0102-67202012000100011
Dias FGF, Prudente A, Siniscalchi RT et al (2015) Can highly purified collagen coating modulate polypropylene mesh immune-inflammatory and fibroblastic reactions? Immunohistochemical analysis in a rat model. Int Urogynecol J 26:569–576. doi:10.1007/s00192-014-2529-0
Moretti AIS, Pinto FJPS, Cury V et al (2012) Nitric oxide modulates metalloproteinase-2, collagen deposition and adhesion rate after polypropylene mesh implantation in the intra-abdominal wall. Acta Biomater 8:108–115. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.004
Junge K, Binnebösel M, Rosch R et al (2009) Impact of proinflammatory cytokine knockout on mesh integration. J Invest Surg 22:256–262. doi:10.1080/08941930802713092
Faulk DM, Londono R, Wolf MT et al (2014) ECM hydrogel coating mitigates the chronic inflammatory response to polypropylene mesh. Biomater 35:8585–8595. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.057
Gerullis H, Eimer C, Ramon A et al (2011) 787 Improved biocompatibility of meshes used for hernia, incontinence and organ prolapse repair by plasma coating—results of in vitro and in vivo studies. J Urol 185:e317–e317. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.605
Siniscalchi RT, Melo M, Palma PCR et al (2013) Highly purified collagen coating enhances tissue adherence and integration properties of monofilament polypropylene meshes. Int Urogynecol J 24:1747–1754. doi:10.1007/s00192-013-2109-8
Huffaker RK, Muir TW, Rao A et al (2008) Histologic response of porcine collagen-coated and uncoated polypropylene grafts in a rabbit vagina model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 198:582.e1–582.e7. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.12.029
Pierce LM, Asarias JR, Nguyen PT et al (2011) Inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression induced by collagen-coated and uncoated polypropylene meshes in a rat model. YMOB. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.045
Arbos MA, Ferrando JM, Quiles MT et al (2006) Improved surgical mesh integration into the rat abdominal wall with arginine administration. Biomater 27:758–768. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.06.027
Pierce LM, Rao A, Baumann SS et al (2009) Long-term histologic response to synthetic and biologic graft materials implanted in the vagina and abdomen of a rabbit model. YMOB 200:546–548. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.12.040
Voskerician G, Jin J, White MF et al (2010) Effect of biomaterial design criteria on the performance of surgical meshes for abdominal hernia repair: a pre-clinical evaluation in a chronic rat model. J Mater Sci Mater Med 21:1989–1995. doi:10.1007/s10856-010-4037-1
Pierce LM, Grunlan MA, Hou Y et al (2009) Biomechanical properties of synthetic and biologic graft materials following long-term implantation in the rabbit abdomen and vagina. YMOB 200:549.e1–549.e8. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.12.041
Pereira-lucena CG, Neto RA, de Rezende DT et al (2014) Early and late postoperative inflammatory and collagen deposition responses in three different meshes: an experimental study in rats. Hernia 18:563–570. doi:10.1007/s10029-013-1206-4
Zogbi L, Trindade EN, Trindade MRM (2013) Comparative study of shrinkage, inflammatory response and fibroplasia in heavyweight and lightweight meshes. Hernia 17:765–772. doi:10.1007/s10029-013-1046-2
Cervigni M, Natale F, La Penna C et al (2011) Collagen-coated polypropylene mesh in vaginal prolapse surgery: an observational study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol 156:223–227. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.027
Acknowledgements
This study was funded by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (Grant: 2011/11522-2).
Author contribution
AP contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript, statistical analysis, obtaining funding and technical support. WJF contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript and technical and material support. LOR contributed to conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. CLZR contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript, statistical analysis, obtaining funding, technical support and supervision.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None.
Ethical approval
All applicable international, national and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. This study has received approval by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments (CEEA-IB-UNICAMP) of the University of Campinas (Protocol: 2400-1).
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Prudente, A., Favaro, W.J., Reis, L.O. et al. Nitric oxide coating polypropylene mesh increases angiogenesis and reduces inflammatory response and apoptosis. Int Urol Nephrol 49, 597–605 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-017-1520-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-017-1520-3