Abstract
Objective
To perform a first meta-analysis on the association between female gender and cancer-specific death risk after radical cystectomy.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was conducted for relevant studies published till November 11, 2014. The meta-analysis was performed by estimating the hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) through a random-effect approach.
Results
A total of 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total population of 27,912 patients. Female gender was associated with a worse survival outcome (pooled HR 1.20; 95 % CI 1.09–1.32) compared with male gender after radical cystectomy. Subgroup analysis found the correlation was significant in North American and European studies (HR 1.17, 95 % CI 1.02–1.32 and HR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.19–1.51, respectively) and studies from larger size of samples (HR 1.24, 95 % CI 1.11–1.38). We also found studies adjusted for the key elements (T stage, N stage and grade) obtained positive correlation (HR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.09–1.35).
Conclusions
Female demonstrated worse survival outcomes than male after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. The adoption of more intense cares for female patients was suggested after radical cystectomy.
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Acknowledgments
We thank all the study participants, urologists and study coordinators for participating in the study. The study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81272853).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical standard
The meta-analysis study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University.
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Liu, S., Yang, T., Na, R. et al. The impact of female gender on bladder cancer-specific death risk after radical cystectomy: a meta-analysis of 27,912 patients. Int Urol Nephrol 47, 951–958 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-015-0980-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-015-0980-6