Abstract
A patient presented with recurrent macroscopic hematuria, persistent orthostatic proteinuria and intermittent flank pain for 12 months. Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography angiography and selective renal vein phlebography revealed the compression of the left renal vein by the abdominal aorta. The patient was diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome and underwent endovascular stent placement. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. The clinical symptoms completely resolved 14 days after the operation. At a follow-up of 6 months, the patient continued to be asymptomatic.
References
de Schepper A (1972) Nutcracker fenomeen van da vena renalis envenuez pathologie van de linker nier. J Belge Radiol 55:507–511
Shin JI, Lee JS, Kim MJ (2006) The prevalence, physical characteristics and diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 32:335–336
Ahmed K, Sampath R, Khan MS (2006) Current trends in the diagnosis and management of renal nutcracker syndrome: a review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 31:410–416
El-Sda AR, Mina E (1950) Anatomical and surgical aspects in the operative management of varicoceles. Urol Cutan Rev 54:257–262
Takebayashi S, Ueki T, Ikeda N et al (1999) Diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome with color Doppler sonography: correlation with flow patterns on retrograde left renal venography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 172:39–43
Kawamoto S, Horton K, Fishman E (2008) Nutcracker phenomenon demonstrated by multidetector computed tomography with three-dimensional imaging. Urology 71(2):227–229
Beinart C, Sniderman KW, Tamura S et al (1982) Left renal vein to inferior vena cava pressure relationship in humans. J Urol 127(6):1070–1071
Kim JY, Joh JH, Choi HY et al (2006) Transposition of the left renal vein in nutcracker syndrome. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 31:80–82
Wei SM, Chen ZD, Zhou M (2003) Intravenous stent placement for the treatment of the nutcracker syndrome. J Urol 170:1934–1935
Chen S, Zhang H, Tian L et al (2009) A stranger in the heart: LRV stent migration. Int Urol Nephrol 41:427–430
Conflict of interest
None of the contributing authors have a conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Y., Sun, Y., Wu, X.J. et al. Endovascular stent placement for the treatment of nutcracker syndrome. Int Urol Nephrol 44, 1097–1100 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-011-0080-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-011-0080-1