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Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Increases with the Stage and Grade in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

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Abstract

Objectives: Experimental models of carcinogenesis show that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis and reduce metastases. A linkage between the activity of prostaglandin synthase enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a known mediator of inflammation, and cancer angiogenesis is implicated. We investigated the expression of COX-2 in bladder cancer tissue specimens using immunohistochemistry. Methods: The immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in bladder cancer was evaluated by scoring the intensity of immunoreactivity from 0 to 3. Further, the degree of COX-2 expression was correlated with the tumor grade and depth of invasion (T stage). Result: Fifty eight percent patients (n=22) had superficial bladder tumors, while 42% (n=16) were invasive bladder cancers. Overall, COX-2 immuno-positivity was seen in 84.2% (32/38) patients. COX-2 expression was positive in 76.4% (13/17) cases with pTa tumors, 100% (5/5) of pT1 tumors, 86.6% (13/15) of pT2 tumors and in 100% (1/1) of pT3 tumor. The higher stage tumors stained more intensely; this correlation wassignificant(p=0.01987; χ2=19.6977). With reference to the grade of tumors, a positive expression was seen in 81.25% (13/16) of the low-grade tumors and 89% (17/19) of the high-grade tumors. The differential COX-2 expression relative to the grade of tumor was found to be statistically significant (p=0.05; χ2=15.8612). Conclusion: The degree of COX-2 expression is significantly increased with advancing grade and T stage of disease (p < 0.05).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Pankaj Wadhwa, Anil K. Goswami & Surinder K. Sharma

  2. Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Kusum Joshi

  3. A.I.I.M.S., CI/1 Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India

    Pankaj Wadhwa

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  1. Pankaj Wadhwa
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  2. Anil K. Goswami
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  4. Surinder K. Sharma
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Correspondence to Pankaj Wadhwa.

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Wadhwa, P., Goswami, A.K., Joshi, K. et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Increases with the Stage and Grade in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder. Int Urol Nephrol 37, 47–53 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-004-4699-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-004-4699-z

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