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Spontaneous plant colonization and bird visits of tropical extensive green roof

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Abstract

Green roofs can contribute to enrichment and conservation of urban ecology. An experimental green roof was established in humid-tropical Hong Kong to monitor over two years its spontaneous colonization by plants and bird visits. Some 94 voluntary vascular plant species from 26 families and 76 genera were established, with propagules brought mainly by birds and wind and secondarily inherited from soil seed bank. Plant species composition changed dynamically during the study period. They fall into three groups, namely dominant ruderal (herbaceous and sub-shrub) as surrogate of early-stage local grassland ecosystem succession, arboreal (trees and shrubs), and hygrophilous herb. Progressive increase in vegetation cover was accompanied by changes in species diversity and evenness. In addition, 16 bird species from 8 families and 14 genera were recorded. Ten species were residents and the six migrant species were winter visitors. Their food preference was mainly omnivore and insectivore. Winter and the second year encountered higher species richness, diversity, and evenness. Most vegetation parameters correlated positively with avian community indexes, signifying provision of sustenance by green-roof ecosystem to birds. Vegetation coverage correlated negatively with avian abundance, due to shunning by the abundant ground-foraging Tree Sparrow. Both local common ruderal plant species and common urban bird species can successfully establish and reproduce on the extensive green roof, confirming potentials for urban ecology and biodiversity enhancement and conservation even in densely-developed urban areas. The successful nurturing of naturalistic green roof offers new opportunities for green roof design that deviates from the predominant cultivated-horticultural approach.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge with gratitude the funding kindly provided by the University Grants Committee to install the green roof and associated facilities for the research, and the Dr. Stanley Ho Alumni Challenge Fund for equipment and research-staff support. Thanks are due to Jeannette Liu and W.Y. Wong who helped managing the study site in the course of the extended study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jinan University Shenzhen Tourism College, Shenzhen, China

    Huijuan Deng

  2. Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Road, Hong Kong, China

    Huijuan Deng & C. Y. Jim

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  1. Huijuan Deng
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  2. C. Y. Jim
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Correspondence to C. Y. Jim.

Additional information

An experimental green roof in tropical Hong Kong evaluated ecological contributions.

Spontaneous plant colonization and bird visits were monitored for two years.

94 volunteer vascular plant species and 16 common urban bird species were recorded.

Plant and bird species richness, diversity and evenness changed with time and season

Most vegetation parameters were correlated with bird community indexes

Appendix

Appendix

ᅟ Spontaneous vascular plant species recorded on the green-roof site in the study period and their botanical and ecological characteristics
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Deng, H., Jim, C.Y. Spontaneous plant colonization and bird visits of tropical extensive green roof. Urban Ecosyst 20, 337–352 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0596-3

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