Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Zavot cattle genetic characterization using microsatellites

  • Regular Articles
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study aimed to reveal the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship between intra- and inter-breeds of Zavot cattle raised locally in and around Kars province, Türkiye. A total of 209 [Zavot (ZAV) n = 49, Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) n = 40, Simmental (SIM) n = 40, Brown-Swiss (BS) n = 40, and Holstein (HOLS) n = 40] non-related cattle without any clinical health problems were evaluated. Using the standard phenol–chloroform method, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from blood samples and amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 19 bovine-specific microsatellite markers. A capillary electrophoresis process was applied to the denatured PCR products. A total of 274 different alleles were identified, with an average of 10.29 and an average of effective alleles of 5.38. According to the genetic distance matrix between populations, the largest genetic distance was found between ZAV-HOLS (0.358) populations, while ZAV-EAR populations were located at the same roots. The largest FST value (0.072) was found among ZAV-HOLS populations. According to the factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) graph, each population was located separately but also showed a mixture, especially the ZAV, EAR, and BS populations. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) values were the lowest (0.44) for the BM2113 marker and the highest (0.92) for the TGLA53 marker. In conclusion, ZAV cattle bred in the Kars region were found to be completely separate from the BS and SIM breeds which were claimed to have contributed to the formation of the ZAV breed. Since currently the native breeds, which are symbolic of the region, inbreeding cannot be prevented, an increase in studies devoted to the protection of these breeds and the establishment of pure herds will be useful for the future of native cattle in Türkiye.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Agung, P.P., Saputra, F., Septian, W.A., Lusiana, Zein, M.S.A., Sulandari, S., Anwar, S., Wulandari, A.S., Said, S. and Tappa, B., 2016. Study of genetic diversity among simmental cross cattle in West Sumatra based on microsatellite markers Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 29, 176–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aksoy, A.R., Kirmizibayrak, T. and Saatci, M., 2006. The effect of age on slaughter and carcass characteristics in male Zavot cattle Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 30, 527–532

    Google Scholar 

  • Altınalan, A., 2005. The genetic characterization of Turkish native cattle breeds using with microsatellite DNA markers. Çukurova University Institute of Naturel and Applied Sciences, PhD Thesis, Adana, Turkey

  • Amigues, Y., Boitard, S., Bertrand, C., Sancristobal, M. and Rocha, D., 2011. Genetic characterization of the Blonde d’Aquitaine cattle breed using microsatellite markers and relationship with three other French cattle populations Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 128, 201–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belkhir, K., Borsa, P., Chikhi, L., Raufaste, N. and Bonhomme, F., 2004. GENETIX 4.05, logiciel sous Windows TM pour la génétique des populations. Laboratoire Génome, Populations, Interactions, CNRS UMR 5000, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France

  • D’Andrea, M., Pariset, L., Matassino, D., Valentini, A., Lenstra, J.A., Maiorano, G. and Pilla, F., 2011. Genetic characterization and structure of the Italian Podolian cattle breed and its relationship with some major European breeds Italian Journal of Animal Science, 10, 237–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dadi, H., Tibbo, M., Takahashi, Y., Nomura, K., Hanada, H. and Amano, T., 2008. Microsatellite analysis reveals high genetic diversity but low genetic structure in Ethiopian indigenous cattle populations Animal Genetics, 39, 425–431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Decker, J.E., McKay, S.D., Rolf, M.M., Kim, J.W., Molina Alcalá, A., Sonstegard, T.S., Hanotte, O., Götherström, A., Seabury, C.M., Praharani, L., Babar, M.E., Correia de Almeida Regitano, L., Yildiz, M.A., Heaton, M.P., Liu, W.S., Lei, C.Z., Reecy, J.M., Saif-Ur-Rehman, M., Schnabel, R.D. and Taylor, J.F., 2014. Worldwide patterns of ancestry, divergence, and admixture in domesticated cattle PLoS Genetics, 10, e1004254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, J. V., Martínez, A.M., Acosta, A., Álvarez, L.A., Armstrong, E., Camacho, E., Cañõn, J., Cortés, O., Dunner, S., Landi, V., Marques, J.R., Martín-Burriel, I., Martínez, O.R., Martínez, R.D., Melucci, L., Muñoz, J.E., Penedo, M.C.T., Postiglioni, A., Quirõz, J., Rodellar, C., Sponenberg, P., Uffo, O., Ulloa-Arvizu, R., Vega-Pla, J.L., Villalobos, A., Zambrano, D., Zaragoza, P., Gama, L.T. and Ginja, C., 2012. Genetic characterization of Latin-American Creole cattle using microsatellite markers Animal Genetics, 43, 2–10 (Anim Genet)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Don, R.H., Cox, P.T., Wainwright, B.J., Baker, K. and Mattick, J.S., 1991. “Touchdown” PCR to circumvent spurious priming during gene amplification Nucleic Acids Research, 19, 4008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Excoffier, L. and Lischer, H.E.L., 2010. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows Molecular Ecology Resources, 10, 564–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FAO, 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/home/en/. Accessed 13 Jun 2018

  • Fatima, S., 2004. Study of genetic variability among Gohilwadi, Surti and Zalawadi goats using microsatellite analysis. Anand Agricultural University, Master of Veterinary Science in Animal Genetics and Breeding, Anand

  • Filho, E.S., Silva, M.H., Campelo, J.E.G., DeRosia, M.R., Pinheiro, L.M.L. and Almeida, M.J.O., 2014. Genetic characterization of Curraleiro Pé-Duro bovine breed from a conservation herd of Brazilian semiarid Genetics and Molecular Research, 13, 2149–2154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gamarra, D., Lopez-Oceja, A. and De Pancorbo, M.M., 2017. Genetic characterization and founder effect analysis of recently introduced Salers cattle breed population Animal, 11, 24–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gororo, E., Makuza, S.M., Chatiza, F.P., Chidzwondo, F. and Sanyika, T.W., 2018. Genetic diversity in Zimbabwean Sanga cattle breeds using microsatellite markers South African Journal of Animal Science, 48, 128

    Google Scholar 

  • Goudet, J., 1995. FSTAT (Version 1.2): A Computer Program to Calculate F-Statistics Journal of Heredity, 86, 485–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann, I., Marsan, P.A., Barker, J.S.F., Cothran, E.G., Hanotte, O., Lenstra, J.A., Milan, D., Weigend, S. and Simianer, H., 2004. New MoDAD marker sets to be used in diversity studies for the major farm animal species: recommendations of a joint ISAG/FAO working group In:, 29th ISAG (International Society of Animal Genetics) Congress, (Tokyo)

  • Ilie, D.E., Cean, A., Cziszter, L.T., Gavojdian, D., Ivan, A. and Kusza, S., 2015. Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA study of native Eastern European cattle populations: The case of the Romanian grey PLOS ONE, 10, e0138736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalinowski, S.T., Taper, M.L. and Marshall, T.C., 2007. Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment Molecular Ecology, 16, 1099–1106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keros, T., Jemeršić, L., Prpić, J. and Brnić, D., 2015. Molecular characterization of autochtonus Slavonian Syrmian Podolian cattle Acta Veterinaria, 65, 89–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korkmaz Ağaoğlu, Ö. and Ertuğrul, O., 2010. Importance and usage of microsatellites Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 81, 39–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramarenko, A., Gladyr, E., Kramarenko, S., Pidpala, T., Strikha, L. and Zinovieva, N., 2018. Genetic diversity and bottleneck analysis of the Red Steppe cattle based on microsatellite markers Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8, 12–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurar, E., 2001. Comparative physical and linkage mapping of bovine chromosome 24 with human chromosome 18. University of Wisconsin, PhD Thesis, Madison

  • Langella, O., 2011. Populations 1.2.32 A population genetic software. CNRS UPR9034. http://www.bioinformatics.org/project/?group_id=84. Accessed 10 Apr 2017

  • Marshall, T.C., Slate, J., Kruuk, L.E.B. and Pemberton, J.M., 1998. Statistical confidence for likelihood-based paternity inference in natural populations Molecular Ecology, 7, 639–655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nei, M., 1972. Genetic distance between populations The American Naturalist, 106, 283–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ngono Ema, P.J., Manjeli, Y., Meutchieyié, F., Keambou, C., Wanjala, B., Desta, A.F., Ommeh, S., Skilton, R. and Djikeng, A., 2014. Genetic diversity of four Cameroonian indigenous cattle using microsatellite markers Journal of Livestock Science, 5, 9–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Özkan, E., 2005. An investigation on genetic structure of native and cultural cattle breeds in Turkey by using microsatellite markers. Trakya University Institute of Science and Technology, PhD Thesis, Tekirdağ, Turkey

  • Özşensoy, Y. and Kurar, E., 2012. Marker systems and applications in genetic characterization studies Journal of Cell and Molecular Biology, 10, 11–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Özşensoy, Y., Kurar, E., Doğan, M., Bulut, Z., Altunok, V., Işık, A., Çamlıdağ, A. and Nizamlıoğlu, M., 2010. Genetic characterization of some native cattle breeds in Turkey by using STR markers Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 3, 155–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Özşensoy, Y., Kurar, E., Doğan, M., Bulut, Z., Nizamlıoğlu, M., Işık, A., Çamlıdağ, A. and Altunok, V., 2014. Genetic characterization of Turkish cattle breeds by microsatellite markers: Usefulness for parentage testing Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 20, 521–526

    Google Scholar 

  • Özşensoy, Y., 2011. Genetic characterization of some Turkish cattle breeds. Selcuk University Institute of Health Sciences, PhD Thesis, Konya, Turkey

  • Page, R.D.M., 1996. Tree View: An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers Bioinformatics, 12, 357–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peakall, R. and Smouse, P.E., 2012. GenALEx 6.5: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research-an update Bioinformatics, 28, 2537–2539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piry, S., Luikart, G. and Cornuet, J.-M., 1999. BOTTLENECK: A computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective size using allele frequency data Journal of Heredity, 90, 502–503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard, J.K., Wen, X. and Falush, D., 2009. Documentation for structure software: Version 2.3. http://pritch.bsd.uchicago.edu/structure.html. Accessed 7 Jun 2018

  • Radhika, G., Aravindakshan, T. V., Jinty, S. and Ramya, K., 2018. Evaluation of genetic diversity, population structure, and relationship between legendary Vechur cattle and crossbred cattle of Kerala State, India Animal Biotechnology, 29, 50–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rinehart, T.A., 2004. AFLP analysis using GeneMapper® software and an Excel® macro that aligns and converts output to binary BioTechniques, 37, 186–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T., 1989. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: New York)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, R., Kishore, A., Mukesh, M., Ahlawat, S., Maitra, A., Pandey, A.K. and Tantia, M.S., 2015. Genetic diversity and relationship of Indian cattle inferred from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers BMC Genetics, 16, 73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swathi, K., Reddy, S.S. and Gupta, B.R., 2018. Genetic diversity analysis of Deoni cattle using microsatellite markers Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7, 1940–1942

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vargas, J., Landi, V., Martínez, A., Gómez, M., Camacho, M.E., Álvarez, L.Á., Aguirre, L. and Delgado, J.V., 2016. Molecular study of the Amazonian Macabea cattle history PLOS ONE, 11, e0165398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz, O., Akin, O., Yener, S.M., Ertugrul, M. and Wilson, R.T., 2012. The domestic livestock resources of Turkey: Cattle local breeds and types and their conservation status Animal Genetic Resources, 50, 65–73

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors have a special thanks to Assoc. Prof. Mushap Kuru for his assistance in this study.

Funding

This study is the first author’s Ph.D. thesis and was financially supported by Kafkas University Scientific Research Coordination, Kars, Türkiye (Project Number: 2016-TS-20).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Türkiye

    Buket Boğa Kuru & Turgut Kırmızıbayrak

  2. Department of Veterinary Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye

    Yusuf Özşensoy

Authors
  1. Buket Boğa Kuru
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Turgut Kırmızıbayrak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yusuf Özşensoy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. BBK, YÖ, and TK: designed the experimental procedures. BBK and YÖ: laboratory analyses and contributed to the statistical and genetic analyses of data and writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Buket Boğa Kuru.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

The present study was conducted with approval from Kafkas University Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments, Kars, Türkiye (KAU-HAYDEK/2015–036).

Statement of animal rights

All institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 32 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Boğa Kuru, B., Kırmızıbayrak, T. & Özşensoy, Y. Zavot cattle genetic characterization using microsatellites. Trop Anim Health Prod 54, 363 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03358-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03358-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation