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Seroprevalence and immunological characterization of Trypanosoma evansi infection in livestock of four agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh, India

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Abstract

Trypanosoma evansi, a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite, causes wasting disease called surra in wide range of animals. Although the organism has been reported from various parts of India, data generated from organized epidemiological study is still in infancy in majority states of India. In the present study, livestock of Himachal Pradesh, India, was targeted for epidemiological investigation of T. evansi infections. A total of 440 equines and 444 cattle serum samples were collected from four agro-climatic zones. Furthermore, serum samples of 280 buffaloes from three different agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh were also collected and evaluated for the presence of T. evansi infection by indirect ELISA. Data generated showed higher prevalence in buffalo (23.57%) followed by cattle (22.52%) and equines (1.82%). Disease was found to be more prevalent (P < 0.01) in cattle of lower altitude as compared to those of higher altitudes. No significant variation was seen in prevalence of disease on the basis of age and sex of the animals. Serum biochemical analysis revealed increased levels of BUN in T. evansi–infected equines. Levels of liver function enzymes such as ALT/GGT and AST were found to be significantly elevated (P < 0.01) in seropositive animals whereas glucose levels were significantly lower in surra-seropositive animals as compared to seronegative animals. Immunoblot analysis of whole cell lysate (WCL) antigen of T. evansi using surra-seropositive samples of equines showed immunodominant bands in the range of 100–25 kDa. Bovine-seropositive samples recognized polypeptide bands in the range of 85–32 kDa, including protein clusters of 52–55 and 48–46 kDa. Polypeptide cluster of 62–66 kDa was found common in seropositive samples of bovines and equines from all agro-climatic zones. T. evansi was found to be highly prevalent in livestock of Himachal Pradesh, and thus, there is dire need for designing of proper control strategies against surra.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully thank the Director, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India, for providing all the necessary facilities for conducting this study. The authors are highly grateful to the Director, Animal Husbandry, Himachal Pradesh, and all the members of Disease Investigation Laboratory, Shimla and Mandi (Himachal Pradesh), for their support and cooperation.

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The financial support from ICAR, New Delhi, is duly acknowledged.

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  1. Parasitology Lab, ICAR-National Research Centre On Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India

    Diksha Sharma, Khushboo Sethi, Sanjay Kumar & Rajender Kumar

  2. Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India

    Snehil Gupta

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RK and SK designed the research proposal, DS and KS conceived the research. SG helped in preparation of the draft of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rajender Kumar.

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Prior approval was taken for animal experimentation in the present study from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of ICAR-NRCE, Hisar (NRCE/CPCSEA/2019–20 dated 15.02.2020 and NRCE/CPCSEA/2020–21 dated 20.01.2021).

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Sharma, D., Gupta, S., Sethi, K. et al. Seroprevalence and immunological characterization of Trypanosoma evansi infection in livestock of four agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh, India. Trop Anim Health Prod 54, 60 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03069-y

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