Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Persistence and spreading of field and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in vaccinated and unvaccinated geographic regions, in Brazil

  • Regular Articles
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly infectious respiratory disease that causes morbidity and mortality in commercial chickens. Despite the use of attenuated vaccines, ILT outbreaks have been described in broiler and long-lived birds. Molecular approaches, including polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing, are used to characterize ILT viruses (ILTVs) detected in vaccinated and unvaccinated geographical regions. As part of an ILT control program implemented in a region of commercial layer production, samples of conjunctiva, trachea, and trigeminal ganglia were collected from chickens in a vaccinated and quarantined region over a period of 8 years after initiation of vaccination. To determine the origin of new ILT outbreaks in unvaccinated regions, samples collected from ill chickens were also analyzed. Chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine viruses and the Bastos field strain were detected circulating in healthy chickens in the vaccinated region. CEO strains and field viruses molecularly related to the Bastos strain were also detected outside of the quarantined region in chickens showing clinical signs of ILT. This study reveals the persistence and circulation of a wild field strain, despite the intensive use of tissue culture origin (TCO) and CEO vaccines in a quarantined region. Spreading of CEO viruses to unvaccinated regions and the capacity of this virus to establish latent infections and cause severe outbreaks were also observed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bagust, T.J., 1986. Laryngotracheitis (Gallid-I) herpesvirus infection in the chicken 4. Latency establishment by wild and vaccine strains of ILT virus. Avian Pathology, 15, 581-595

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bagust, T. and Johnson, M., 1995. Avian infectious laryngotracheitis: virus-host interactions in relation to prospects for eradication. Avian Pathology, 24, 373-391

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buchala, F.G., 2008. Planejamento, implantação e administração de medidas de defesa sanitária animal para o controle da laringotraquíte infecciosa aviária, de 2002 a 2006, na região de Bastos, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. PhD thesis. Faculdade de Ciencias agrárias e veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista. 157p

  • Chacón, J.L., Brandão, P.E., Villarreal, L., Gama, N. and Ferreira, A.J.P., 2007. Survey of infectious laryngotracheitis outbreak in chicken layer hens and differential diagnosis with other respiratory pathogens. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola. 9, 61-67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chacón, J.L. and Ferreira, A.J.P., 2008. Development and validation of nested-PCR for the diagnosis of clinical infectious laryngotracheitis. Journal of Virological Methods, 151, 188-193

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chacón, J.L. and Ferreira, A.J.P., 2009. Differentiation of field isolates and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus by DNA sequencing. Vaccine, 27, 6731-6738

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chacón, J.L., Mizuma, M.Y. and Ferreira, A.J.P., 2010. Characterization of field isolates and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus involved in severe outbreak by RFLP and sequence analysis. Avian Pathology, 39, 425-433

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, P., Lee, Y., Shien, J. and Shied, H., 1997. Rapid differentiation of vaccine strains and field isolates of infectious laryngotracheitis virus by restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR products. Journal of Virological Methods, 66, 179-186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chin, R.P., García, M., Corsiglia, C., Riblet, S., Crespo, R., Shivaprasad, H.L., Rodríguez-Avila, A., Woolcock, P.R. and França, M., 2009. Intervention strategies for laryngotracheitis: impact of extended downtime and enhanced biosecurity auditing. Avian Diseases, 53, 574-577

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chomczynski, P.A., 1993. A reagent for the single-step simultaneous isolation of RNA, DNA and protein from the cell and tissues samples. Biotechniques, 15, 532-537

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, I., Nagar, S., Ribshtein, I., Shkoda, I., Perk, S. and García, M., 2009. Detection of wild- and vaccine-type avian laryngotracheitis virus in clinical samples and feather shafts of commercial chickens. Avian Diseases, 53, 618-623

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dufour-Zavala, L., 2008. Epizootiology of infectious laryngotracheitis and presentation of an industry control program. Avian Diseases, 52, 1-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gelenczei, E.F. and Marty, E.W., 1964. Studies on a tissue-culture modified infectious laryngotracheitis virus. Avian Diseases, 8, 105-122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, D.A., McLaren, I.E., Calvert, V., Torrens, D. and Meehan, B.M., 2000. RFLP analysis of recent Northern Ireland isolates of infectious laryngotracheitis virus: comparison with vaccine virus and field isolates from England, Scotland and the Republic of Ireland. Avian Pathology, 29, 57-62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guy, J.S., Barnes, H.J. and Smith, L., 1991. Increased virulence of modified-live infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine virus following bird-to-bird passage. Avian Diseases, 35, 348-355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guy, J.S. and García, M., 2008. Laryngotracheitis. In: Saif, Y.M., Fadly, A.M., Glisson J.R., McDougald, L.R., Nolan, L.K. and Swayne, D.E. (eds), Diseases of Poultry. 12th Edition. (Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA), 121-134

  • Han, M.G. and Kim, S.J., 2001. Analysis of Korean strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus by nucleotide sequences and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Veterinary Microbiology, 83, 321-331

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, C.S., Gaskell, R.M., Jones, R.C., Bradbury, J.M. and Jordan, F.T.W., 1989. Effects of certain stress factors on the re-excretion of infectious laryngotracheitis virus from latently infected carrier birds. Research in Veterinary Science, 46, 274-276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, C.S., Williams, R.A., Gaskell, R.M., Jordan, F.T., Brandbury, J.M., Bennett, M. and Jones, R.C., 1991. Latency and reactivation of infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine virus. Archives of Virology, 121, 213-218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick, N.C., Mahmoudian, A., O’Rourke, D. and Noormohammadi, A.H., 2006. Differentiation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphic analysis of polymerase chain reaction products amplified from multiple genes. Avian Diseases, 50, 28-34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kotiw, M., Wilks, C.R. and May, J.T., 1995. The effect of serial in vivo passage on the expression of virulence and DNA stability of an infectious laryngotracheitis virus strain of low virulence. Veterinary Microbiology, 45, 71-80

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno, A., Piccirillo, A., Mondin, A., Morandini, E., Gavazzi, L. and Cordioli, P., 2010. Epidemic of infectious laryngotracheitis in Italy: characterization of virus isolates by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequence analysis. Avian Diseases, 54, 1172-1177

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neff, C., Sudler, C. and Hoop, R.K., 2008. Characterization of Western European field isolates and vaccine strains of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis. Avian Diseases, 52, 278-283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ojkic, D., Swinton, J., Vallieres, M., Martin, E., Sharipo, J., Sanei, B. and Binnington, B., 2006. Characterization of field isolates of infectious laryngotracheitis virus from Ontario. Avian Pathology, 35, 286-292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oldoni, I. and García, M., 2007. Characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolates from the United States by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism of multiple genome regions. Avian Pathology, 36, 167-176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oldoni I., Rodriguez-Avila, A., Riblet, S. M. and García, M., 2008. Characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) isolates from commercial poultry by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Avian Diseases, 52, 59-63

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Avila, A., Oldoni, I., Riblet, S. M. and García, M., 2007. Replication and transmission of live-attenuated infectious laryngotrachitis virus (ILTV) vaccines. Avian Diseases, 51, 905-911

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Avila, A., Oldoni, I., Riblet, S. M. and García, M., 2008. Evaluation of the protection elicited by direct and indirect exposure to live attenuated infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccines against a recent challenge strain from the United States. Avian Pathology, 37:287-292

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roizman, B., 1996. Herpesviridae. In: Fields, B.N., Knipe, D.M. and Howley, P.M. (eds), Virology. 3rd Edition. (Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA.), 221-223

  • Samberg, Y., Cuperstein, E., Bendheim, U. and Aronovici, I., 1971. The development of a vaccine against avian infectious laryngotracheitis. Immunization of chickens with a modified laryngotracheitis vaccine in the drinking water. Avian Diseases, 15, 413-417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R.A., Bennet, M., Bradbury, J.M., Gaskell, R.M., Jones, R.C. and Jordan, F.T.W., 1992. Demonstration of sites of latency of infectious laryngotracheitis virus using the polymerase chain reaction. Journal of General Virology, 73, 2415-2430

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)—grant no. 05/56165-1. They also thank Ceva and Biovet Laboratories (Brazil) for providing embryonated eggs and CDA–SAA, SP, for supplying the field samples and vaccines.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no any conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Jorge Luis Chacón, Luis Fabian Naranjo Núñez, Maria Pilar Vejarano, Silvana Hipatia Santander Parra, Claudete Serrano Astolfi-Ferreira & Antonio José Piantino Ferreira

Authors
  1. Jorge Luis Chacón
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Luis Fabian Naranjo Núñez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maria Pilar Vejarano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Silvana Hipatia Santander Parra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Claudete Serrano Astolfi-Ferreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Antonio José Piantino Ferreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antonio José Piantino Ferreira.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chacón, J.L., Núñez, L.F.N., Vejarano, M.P. et al. Persistence and spreading of field and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in vaccinated and unvaccinated geographic regions, in Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 47, 1101–1108 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0834-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0834-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation