Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in India

  • Regular Articles
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to provide the pooled estimate of the prevalence of subclinical mastitis among dairy cows in India and to examine the consistency of those estimates between published studies. We have conducted a systematic review of prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows for the period 1995–2014 using electronic and non-electronic databases. Meta-analysis of 28 studies was done under random effects model using Metaprop package in R software. The pooled estimate of prevalence of subclinical mastitis on cow-basis was obtained using 6344 cows from 25 studies and was found to be 46.35 % (95 % CI 39.38; 53.46). Meta-analysis for quarter-wise prevalence of subclinical mastitis was carried out using 18,721 udder quarters of dairy cows from 23 studies, and the pooled estimate of prevalence of subclinical mastitis on quarter-basis was found to be 23.25 % (95 % CI 18.15; 29.27). Meta-analysis showed that there is statistically high heterogeneity for the prevalence estimates between published studies. The present study reported that there is high prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in India, which might be responsible for low productivity in lactating cows in India over the years and needs to be controlled by adopting scientific, managemental, and therapeutic measures. Dairy farmers can reduce incidence and economic losses due to subclinical mastitis under the guidance of field veterinarians.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Awasthi, P. and Upadhyay, A.K., 2006. Screening of subclinical mastitis using cow side test and California mastitis test, Indian Veterinary Journal, 83, 275--276

    Google Scholar 

  • Bansal, B.K., Singh, K.B., Rohan, R., Joshi, D.V. and Nauriyal, D.C., 1995. Incidence of subclinical mastitis in some cow and buffalo herds in Punjab, Journal of Research, 32(1), 79--81

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt, V.D., Patel, M.S., Joshi, C.G. and Kunjadia, A., 2011. Identification and antibiogram of microbes associated with bovine mastitis, Animal Biotechnology, 22, 163--169

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya, A., 2002. Etiology and antibiotic spectra of bacterial isolates from field cases of mastitis in cows from west Tripura district, Indian Veterinary Journal, 79, 961--962

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, W.G., 1954. The combination of estimates from different experiments, Biometrics, 10, 101--129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cynthia, M.K., 2005. The Merck Veterinary Manual, Merck and CO., Inc: Whitehouse Station, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Dangore, A.D., Bhalerao, D.P., Jagadish, S., Keskar, D.V. and Sharma, L.K., 2000. Evaluation of some byre-side tests in bovine subclinical mastitis, Indian Veterinary Journal, 77, 380--381

    Google Scholar 

  • De, U.K., 2011. Assessment of immunotherapeutic response of cell wall skeleton product of Nocardia sp. against bovine mastitis, (unpublished PhD thesis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India)

  • De, U.K. and Mukherjee, R., 2009. Prevalence of mastitis in crossbred cows, Indian Veterinary Journal, 86, 858--859

    Google Scholar 

  • Deka, D., Goswami, R., Motina, E. and Ralte, L., 2013. Antibiogram of microbes associated with bovine mastitis in Aizawl, Mizoram, Indian Veterinary Journal, 90(9), 24--26

    Google Scholar 

  • DerSimonian, R. and Laird, N., 1986. Meta-analysis in clinical trials, Controlled Clinical Trials, 7(3), 177--188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devi, B.K., Shukla, P.C. and Bagherwal, R.K., 1997. Incidence of subclinical mastitis in cows, Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 50(6), 477--478

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhote, S.W., Kurkure, N.V., Kalorey, D.R. and Ganvir, P.T., 1999. Etiology and sensitivity of bacterial isolates from subclinical mastitis in cows from east Vidharbha, Indian Veterinary Journal, 76, 251--252

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghose, B., Sharda, R., Chhabra, D. and Sharma, V., 2003. Subclinical bacterial mastitis in cows of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, Indian Veterinary Journal, 80, 499--501

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianneechini, R., Concha, C., Rivero, R., Delucci, I. and Moreno, L.J., 2002. Occurrence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in dairy herds in the west littoral region in Uruguay, Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 43, 221--230

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Girish, K.S., 2012. Immunotherapeutic potential of biodynamic therapy against bovine subclinical mastitis, (unpublished MVSc thesis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India)

  • Higgins, J.P. and Thompson, S.G., 2002. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis, Statistics in Medicine, 21(11), 1539--1558

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, J.P., Thompson, S.G., Deeks, J.J. and Altman, D.G., 2003. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses, BioMed Journal, 327(7414), 557--560

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogeveen, H., Huijps, K. and Lam, T.J.G.M., 2011. Economic aspects of mastitis: New developments, New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 59(1), 16--23

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Islam, M.A., Islam, M.Z., Islam, M.A., Rahman, M.S. and Islam, M.T., 2011. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in selected areas of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 9 (1), 73–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, S. and Gokhale, S., 2006. Status of Mastitis as an Emerging Disease in Improved and Peri urban Dairy Farms in India, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1081, 74–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lalrintluanga, C., Ralte, E.C. and Hmarkunga., 2003. Incidence of mastitis, bacteriology and antibiogram in dairy cattle in Aizawl, Mizoram, Indian Veterinary Journal, 80, 931--932

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipsey, M. and Wilson, D., 2001. Practical meta-analysis, (SAGE Publications)

  • Mdegela, R.H., Ryoba, R., Karimuribo, E.D., Phiri, E.J., Løken, T., Reksen, O., Mtengeti, E. and Urio, N.A., 2009. Prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis and quality of milk on smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 80(3), 163—168

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mir, A.Q., Bansal, B.K. and Gupta, D.K., 2014. Subclinical mastitis in machine milked dairy farms in Punjab: prevalence, distribution of bacteria and current antibiogram, Veterinary World, 7(5), 291--294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukharjee, R. and Dash, P.K., 2003. Status of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows of a livestock production research farm, Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 73(7), 775--777

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, J.V., Bhingaradia, B.V., Patel, B.B., Patel, S.B., Patel, P.B. and Vahora, S.P., 2012. Study on prevalence of mastitis and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates recovered from crossbred cows of Anand district of Gujarat, Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 65(6), 467--471

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, H., Roychoudhury, R.K. and Patgiri, G., 2001. Incidence of subclinical mastitis at drying-off, Indian Veterinary Journal, 78, 316--318

    Google Scholar 

  • Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Blood, D.C. and Hinchkliff, K.W., 2000. A Text Book of Veterinary Medicine, (W.B. Saunders, New York)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman, M.M., Islam, M.R., Uddin, M.B. and Aktaruzzaman, M., 2010. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows reared in sylhet District of Bangladesh, International Journal of Biological Research, 1(2), 23--28

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahu, B., 2011. Prevalence of bovine staphylococcal mastitis based on coagulase gene, bacterial characterization and mineral profile in three geo-climatic regions of India, (unpublished PhD thesis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India)

  • Sakemi, Y., Tamura, Y. and Hagiwara, K., 2011. Interleukin-6 in quarter milk as a further prediction marker for bovine subclinical mastitis, Journal of Dairy Research, 78(1), 118--121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saluja, P.S., Gupta, S.L., Kapur, M.P. and Sharma, A., 2004. Prevalence of bovine mastitis in an organized dairy herd, Indian Veterinary Journal, 81, 1404--1405

    Google Scholar 

  • Samanta, A., Prasad, S. and Ghosh, C.P., 2006. Incidence of subclinical mastitis in Karan Swiss and Karan Fries crossbred cows, Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 59(1), 13--18

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarker, S.C., Parvin, M.S., Rahman, A.K. and Islam, M.T., 2013. Prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows in north and south regions of Bangladesh, Tropical Animal Health Production, 45(5), 1171--1176

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seegers, H., Fourichon, C. and Beaudeau, F., 2003. Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis economics in dairy cattle herds, Veterinary Research, 34, 475--491

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, M.K., 2012. Anti-inflammatory and Immunogenic potential of polysaccharide fraction of Tinospora cordifolia against bovine sub-clinical mastitis, (unpublished MVSc thesis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India)

  • Sharma, N. and Maiti, S.K., 2010. Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in cows, Indian Journal of Veterinary Research, 19(2), 45--54

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, D.K., Jallewar, P.K. and Sharma, K.K., 2010. Antibiogram of bacteria isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis, Indian Veterinary Journal, 87, 407

    Google Scholar 

  • Shete, Y.D., 2012. Prevalence of major and minor bacterial pathogens of clinical and subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy animals, (unpublished MVSc thesis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India)

  • Siddiquee, N.U., Tripura, T.K., Islam, M.T., Bhuiyan, S.A., Rahman, A.K.M.A. and Bhuiyan, A.K.F.H., 2013. Prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis in high yielding crossbred cows using draminski mastitis detector, Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 11(1), 37--41

    Google Scholar 

  • Sindhu, N., Sharma, A., Nehra, V. and Jain, V.K., 2009. Occurrence of subclinical mastitis in cows and buffaloes at an organized farm, Haryana Veterinarian, 48, 85--87

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S.N., 2000. Therapeutic management of bovine subclinical mastitis with special reference to medicinal herbs, (unpublished MVSc thesis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India)

  • Sudhan, N.A., Singh, R., Singh, M. and Soodan, J.S., 2005. Studies on prevalence, etiology and diagnosis of subclinical mastitis among crossbred cows, Indian Journal of Animal Research, 39(2), 127--130

    Google Scholar 

  • Thakor, D. and Patel, D., 2013. Prevalence and antibiogram pattern of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows, Natural Remedies Private Limited, http://en.engormix.com/MA-dairy-cattle/health/articles/prevalence-antibiogram-pattern-sub-t2758/165-p0.htm. Accessed 15 June 2014

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Director of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute for providing all facilities to conduct the study. We thank Dr. Reena Mukherjee, Principal Scientist, Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, for providing necessary studies. The authors also express their gratitude to the learned referee and the Editor-in-Chief for their valuable comments on the original version of the paper.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Yogesh Chandrakant Bangar, Bishwambhar Singh, Amit Kumar Dohare & Med Ram Verma

Authors
  1. Yogesh Chandrakant Bangar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bishwambhar Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Amit Kumar Dohare
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Med Ram Verma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yogesh Chandrakant Bangar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bangar, Y.C., Singh, B., Dohare, A.K. et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 47, 291–297 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0718-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0718-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation