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Impact of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes as an Additive in Lithium Grease to Enhance the Tribological and Dynamic Performance of Roller Bearing

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Abstract

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have gained a lot of interest in recent years as a lubricant additive for enhancing sliding and rolling interactions in machine elements. The tribological characteristics and dynamic behavior of roller bearing lubricated with lithium base grease and MWCNTs blended lithium grease are investigated in this work. In this work, the parameters of traction coefficient, asperity load ratio, lubricant layer stiffness, micromorphology of the worn surface, and vibration analysis are evaluated for the 1000 h of bearing testing. The experimental analysis revealed significant increases in lubricant film stiffness and asperity load ratio using MWCNTs nanoparticles. The resulting decreases in vibration levels of the roller bearing lubricated with MWCNTs mixed with lithium grease verified these findings. By decreasing the traction coefficient value and dynamic behavior of the roller bearings findings demonstrated the advantages of adopting the MMWCNTs as additives in the grease-lubricated machine elements.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, M. Amarnath, upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

a, b:

Semi-major and minor axes of the contact ellipse

\(b\) :

Half-Hertzian width (m)

B:

Contact length (m)

\({D}_{m}\) :

Mean diameter (m)

\({D}_{b}\) :

Roller diameter (m)

\(E\) :

Elastic modulus (Pa)

\({E}{\prime}\) :

Effective modulus of elasticity, \(\frac{1}{{\mathbf{E}}^{\mathbf{^{\prime}}}}=\frac{1}{2}\left\{\frac{1-{{\varvec{\upsigma}}}_{1}^{2}}{{\mathbf{E}}_{1}}-\frac{1-{{\varvec{\upsigma}}}_{2}^{2}}{{\mathbf{E}}_{2}}\right\}\)

f :

Traction coefficient

F:

Total normal load (N)

\({F}_{f}\) :

Traction force (N)

\({f}_{c}\) :

Asperity friction coefficient

\(G\) :

Dimensionless elasticity number, \({\varvec{\upalpha}}{\mathbf{E}}^{\mathbf{^{\prime}}}\)

\({h}_{c}\) :

Central film thickness (m)

\({h}_{min}\) :

Minimum film thickness (m)

h :

Film thickness for line-contact EHL

\({H}_{c}\) :

Dimensionless central film thickness

\({H}_{min}\) :

Dimensionless minimum film thickness

k:

Ellipticity ratio, \(\frac{\mathbf{a}}{\mathbf{b}}\)

\({L}_{a}\) :

Asperity load ratio

N:

Shaft rotation (rpm)

\({p}_{h}\) :

Average hydrodynamic pressure, \({\varvec{p}}\left(1-{{\varvec{L}}}_{{\varvec{a}}}/100\right)\)

\(p\) :

Average contact pressure (Pa)

q:

Applied load per unit length \(\left({\mathrm{Nm}}^{-1}\right)\)

\({R}_{1}\), \({R}_{2}\) :

Radius of curvature in the rolling direction

\(R\) :

Effective radius in the rolling direction, \(\frac{{\mathbf{R}}_{1}{\mathbf{R}}_{2}}{{\mathbf{R}}_{1}\pm {\mathbf{R}}_{2}}\)

\({R}_{a}\), \({R}_{b}\) :

RMS surface roughness value of contact surfaces

\({u}_{r}\) :

Rolling speed, \(\frac{1}{2}\left({{\varvec{U}}}_{1}+{{\varvec{U}}}_{1}\right)\)

\({u}_{s}\) :

Sliding speed of contact surface, \(\left|{{\varvec{U}}}_{1}-{{\varvec{U}}}_{2}\right|\)

\({U}_{1}\), \({U}_{2}\) :

Contact surface velocity \(\left({\mathrm{ms}}^{-2}\right)\)

\(U\) :

Dimensionless speed number, \(\frac{{{\varvec{\mu}}}_{0}\overline{{\varvec{u}}}}{{{\varvec{E}} }^{\boldsymbol{^{\prime}}}{\varvec{R}}}\)

\(V\) :

Dimensionless hardness number, \(\frac{{\varvec{v}}}{{{\varvec{E}}}^{\boldsymbol{^{\prime}}}}\)

\(W\) :

Dimensionless load number

z:

Number of rollers/balls

\(\upmu\) :

Viscosity at pressure P and temperature T

\({\mu }_{0}\) :

Viscosity at a reference pressure \({P}_{0}\) and temperature \({T}_{0}\)

\(\alpha\) :

Pressure-viscosity coefficient

\(\beta\) :

Temperature-viscosity coefficient

\(\sigma\) :

Poisson’s ratio

\({\sigma }{\prime}\) :

Standard deviation of the surface roughness height

\(\tilde{\sigma }\) :

Dimensionless surface roughness number, \(\frac{{{\varvec{\sigma}}}^{\boldsymbol{^{\prime}}}}{{\varvec{R}}}\)

\(v\) :

Vickers hardness

\({\tau }_{lim}\) :

Limiting shear stress

\({\mu }_{avg}\) :

Average lubricant viscosity, \({\mu }_{0}exp\left\{\left(ln{\mu }_{0}+9.67\right)\left[-1+{\left(1+5.1\times {10}^{-9}{p}_{h} \right)}^{z}\right]{K}_{T}\Delta T\right\}\)

θ:

Contact angle

λ:

Specific film thickness

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  1. Tribology and Machine Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, 482005, India

    Deepak Kumar Prasad & M. Amarnath

  2. Health and Condition Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, 482005, India

    H. Chelladurai

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Prasad, D.K., Amarnath, M. & Chelladurai, H. Impact of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes as an Additive in Lithium Grease to Enhance the Tribological and Dynamic Performance of Roller Bearing. Tribol Lett 71, 88 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-023-01763-y

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