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The Tribological Chemistry of a Novel Borate Ester Additive and Its Interaction with ZDDP Using XANES and XPS

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Abstract

A novel borate ester containing heterocyclic group, 2,5-bis((2-((6-octadecyl-1,3,6,-dioxazaborocan-2-yl)oxy)propyl)thio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (BDOT), was prepared and characterized. Its tribological properties and synergistic effect with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate were evaluated using a four-ball tribometer. The results show that the novel borate additive possesses excellent anti-wear and friction-reducing properties compared with the performance of ZDDP. BDOT combined with ZDDP has a synergistic effect on the tribological properties, especially for the friction-reducing performance. The chemical state of nitrogen, boron and sulfur in thermal films and tribofilms was analyzed by XPS and XANES. XPS analysis suggests that the additive forms a protective film on the rubbing surfaces which is composed of B2O3, BN, FeSO4, FeS2 and Fe2O3. However, the B K-edge XANES shows that no BN was detected in the film. The synergistic effect between BDOT and ZDDP may be due to the formation of right concentration of FeS and FeSO4 in the tribofilm.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to NSFC No. 21272157 and the open projects of The Key State Lab of Solid Lubrication in Lanzhou of China (Grant No. 1205) for the financial support to the work reported here. And we gratefully thank The Key State Lab of Solid Lubrication for the XPS analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Yawen Zhang, Hua Wu, Zhipeng Li & Tianhui Ren

  2. State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institue of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Yawen Zhang

  3. Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Xiangqiong Zeng

  4. Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China

    Yidong Zhao

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  1. Yawen Zhang
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  2. Xiangqiong Zeng
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  3. Hua Wu
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  4. Zhipeng Li
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  5. Tianhui Ren
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Correspondence to Tianhui Ren.

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Zhang, Y., Zeng, X., Wu, H. et al. The Tribological Chemistry of a Novel Borate Ester Additive and Its Interaction with ZDDP Using XANES and XPS. Tribol Lett 53, 533–542 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0292-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0292-x

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