Skip to main content
Log in

Friction Measurements on Contact Lenses in Their Operating Environment

  • Methods Paper
  • Published:
Tribology Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An important issue concerning the use of soft contact lenses is comfort, which, among other factors, has been related to the level of friction between the anterior side of the lens and the inner eyelid. Although several studies have been carried out to investigate the frictional properties of contact lenses, these have not taken the physiological environment of the eye into account. In use, lenses are in contact with proteins present in tears, with corneal cells and with the palpebral conjunctiva (clear membrane on inner eyelid). The focus of this study was to establish a biologically relevant measurement protocol for the investigation of friction of contact lenses that would mimic the eye’s physiological environment. By optimizing parameters such as the composition of the friction counter surface, the lubricant solution, the normal load and the velocity, an ideal protocol and setup for microtribological testing could be established and used to perform a comparative study of various commercially available soft contact lenses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nichols, J.J.: Contact lenses 2009. Cont. Lens Spectr. 1, 24–32 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Rumpakis, J.M.B.: New data on contact lens dropouts: an international perspective. Rev. Optom. 147(1), 37–42 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Young, G.: Exploring the relationship between materials and ocular health and comfort. Cont. Lens Spectr. 22, 37–40 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Rennie, A.C., Dickrell, P.L., Sawyer, W.G.: Friction coefficient of soft contact lenses: measurements and modeling. Tribol. Lett. 18(4), 499–504 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Nairn, J.A., Jiang, T.: Measurement of the friction and lubricity properties of contact lenses. Proceedings of ANTEC’95, Boston (1995)

  6. Ngai, V., Medley, J.B., Jones, L., Forrest, J., Teichroeb, J.: Friction of contact lenses: silicone hydrogel versus conventional hydrogel. Tribol. Interface Eng. Ser 48, 371–379 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dunn, A.C., Cobb, J.A., Kantzios, A.N., Lee, S.J., Sarntinoranont, M., Tran-Son-Tay, R., Sawyer, W.G.: Friction coefficient measurement of hydrogel materials on living epithelial cells. Tribol. Lett. 30(1), 13–19 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Van Beek, M., Jones, L., Sheardown, H.: Hyaluronic acid containing hydrogels for the reduction of protein adsorption. Biomaterials 29(7), 780–789 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Young, G., Keir, N., Hunt, C., Woods, C.A.: Clinical evaluation of long-term users of two contact lens care preservative systems. Eye Cont. Lens Sci. Clin. Pract. 35(2), 50–58 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Simmons, P.A., Donshik, P.C., Kelly, W.F., Vehige, J.G.: Conditioning of hydrogel lenses by a multipurpose solution containing an ocular lubricant. Cont. Lens Assoc. Ophthalmol. J. 27(4), 192–194 (2001)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Barabino, S., Rolando, M., Camicione, P., Chen, W., Calabria, G.: Effects of a 0.9% sodium chloride ophthalmic solution on the ocular surface of symptomatic contact lens wearers. Can. J. Ophthalmol. 40(1), 45–50 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Santodomingo-Rubido, J., Barrado-Navascues, E., Rubido-Crespo, M.J.: Ocular surface comfort during the day assessed by instant reporting in different types of contact and non-contact lens wearers. Eye Cont. Lens Sci. Clin. Pract. 36(2), 96–100 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ozkan, J.J., Snoxall, B., Maher, A., Papas, E.: Lubricants and their effect on comfort with silicone hydrogel and conventional hydrogel lens wear. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45, 3161–3164 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Fornasiero, F., Prausnitz, J.M., Radke, C.J.: Post-lens tear-film depletion due to evaporative dehydration of a soft contact lens. J. Membr. Sci. 275(1–2), 229–243 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Shaw, A.J., Collins, M.J., Davis, B.A., Carney, L.G.: Eyelid pressure and contact with the ocular surface. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51(4), 1911–1917 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Conway, H.D., Richman, M.: Effects of contact lens deformation on tear film pressures induced during blinking. Am. J. Optom. Physiol. Opt. 59(1), 13–20 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dong, J., Haugstad, G.D.: Tribology study of PVA contact lens in ionic aqueous environments. Proceedings of American Chemical Society, National Meeting, Polymer Preprints, Baltimore (2005)

  18. Lydon, F., Benning, B., Young, R., Tighe, B.J.: Frictional behaviour of contact lenses and ophthalmic solutions: measurement and clinical consequences. Contact Lens Ant. Eye. 25, 35 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chaudhri, M.M., Yoffe, E.H.: The area of contact between a small sphere and a flat surface. Philos. Mag. A. 44(3), 667–675 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. French, K.: Contact lens material properties part 2—mechanical behavior and modulus. Optician. 230(6026), 29–34 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Garrett, Q., Milthorpe, B.K.: Human serum albumin adsorption on hydrogel contact lenses in vitro. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 37(13), 2594–2602 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Jones, L.: Modern contact lens materials: a clinical performance update. Cont. Lens Spectr. 17, 24–35 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lee, S., Müller, M., Ratoi-Salagean, M., Vörös, J., Pasche, S., De Paul, S.M., Spikes, H.A., Textor, M., Spencer, N.D.: Boundary lubrication of oxide surfaces by poly(l-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) in aqueous media. Tribol. Lett. 15(3), 231–239 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Belyakova, L., Varvarin, A., Lyashenko, D., Roik, N.: Study of interaction of poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) with a surface of highly dispersed amorphous silica. J. Coll. Interface Sci. 264(1), 2–6 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Janssen, P.T., Bijsterveld, O.P.V.: Origin and biosynthesis of human tear fluid proteins. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 24(5), 623–630 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yoon, K.C., Heo, H., Im, S.K., You, I.C., Kim, Y.H., Park, Y.G.: Comparison of autologous serum and umbilical cord serum eye drops for dry eye syndrome. Am. J. Optom 44(1), 86–92 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hill, G.A., Molock, F.F., Jozefowicz, M., Rathore, O., Jozefonvicz, J., Fadli, Z.: Antimicrobial coatings for ophthalmic devices. US Patent 20040208983A1, 21 October 2004

  28. Cher, I.: A new look at lubrication of the ocular surface: fluid mechanics behind the blinking eyelids. Ocul. Surf. 6(2), 79–86 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Carney, F.P., Nash, W.L., Sentell, K.B.: The adsorption of major tear film lipids in vitro to various silicone hydrogels over time. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 49(1), 120–124 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Broad, R.A.: Contact lens are formed of a composition comprising reaction product of silicone-containing monomer; 3-methacryloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane; N-vinyl pyrrolidone; and other non-ionic hydrophilic monomer. World Intellectual Property Organization WO2008061992-A2, 29 May 2008

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by VISTAKON, a division of Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc., Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. G. P. Tosatti.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Roba, M., Duncan, E.G., Hill, G.A. et al. Friction Measurements on Contact Lenses in Their Operating Environment. Tribol Lett 44, 387 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-011-9856-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-011-9856-9

Keywords

Navigation