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Comparison of transgenic Gerbera hybrida lines and traditional varieties shows no differences in cytotoxicity or metabolic fingerprints

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Abstract

Genetic modification using gene transfer (GM) is still controversial when applied to plant breeding at least in Europe. One major concern is how GM affects other genes and thus the metabolism of the plant. In this study, 225 genetically modified lines of the ornamental plant Gerbera hybrida and 42 non-GM gerbera varieties were used to investigate changes in secondary metabolism. The cytotoxicity of GM and non-GM gerbera extracts was evaluated on human cell lines derived from lung, liver, and intestinal tissues. The results indicate that the safety profile for GM gerbera lines is similar to the viability pattern for non-GM varieties—none of the extracts were toxic. In addition, metabolic fingerprints of gerbera extracts were identified using thin-layer chromatography and analysed by principal component analysis (PCA), the nearest neighbour classifier, and Fligner-Killeen test. No new compounds unique to GM lines were observed. With PCA, no separation between GM gerbera lines and varieties could be demonstrated. In the nearest neighbour classifier, 54% of the samples found the expected neighbour based on the gene constructs used for transformation. With Fligner-Killeen test, we studied if the amounts of compounds vary more in GM gerberas than in varieties. In most cases, there were no statistically significant differences between the varieties and GM lines or there was more variation among the non-GM varieties than in the GM lines. The variance of a single compound was significantly larger in transgenic gerbera lines than in varieties and of three compounds in non-GM varieties.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the ESGEMO (Environmental, Societal and Health Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms) programme of the Academy of Finland (grant no 207410) and by the Helsinki Graduate School in Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. We thank Professor Arto Urtti (University of Helsinki, Finland) and Dr. Tero Ahola (University of Helsinki, Finland) for providing us with the gastrointestinal Caco-2 cell line and Huh-7 hepatocellular cell line, respectively. Professor Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma’s group (University of Helsinki, Finland) is acknowledged for synthesising the 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-coumarin. Doc. Anja Lampio is thanked for helping in sampling the inflorescences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gerbera Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Miia Marika Ainasoja & Teemu Heikki Teeri

  2. Drug Discovery and Development Technology Center DDTC, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Leena Lyydia Pohjala & Päivi Sirpa Marjaana Tammela

  3. Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Leena Lyydia Pohjala, Päivi Sirpa Marjaana Tammela & Pia Maarit Vuorela

  4. Plant Pathology, Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Panu Juhani Somervuo

  5. Division of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland

    Pia Maarit Vuorela

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  1. Miia Marika Ainasoja
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  2. Leena Lyydia Pohjala
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  3. Päivi Sirpa Marjaana Tammela
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  6. Teemu Heikki Teeri
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Correspondence to Teemu Heikki Teeri.

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Ainasoja, M.M., Pohjala, L.L., Tammela, P.S.M. et al. Comparison of transgenic Gerbera hybrida lines and traditional varieties shows no differences in cytotoxicity or metabolic fingerprints. Transgenic Res 17, 793–803 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-008-9165-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-008-9165-8

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