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Structures of Alcohol Dehydrogenases from Ralstonia and Sphingobium spp. Reveal the Molecular Basis for Their Recognition of ‘Bulky–Bulky’ Ketones

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Abstract

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are applied in industrial synthetic chemistry for the production of optically active secondary alcohols. However, the substrate spectrum of many ADHs is narrow, and few, for example, are suitable for the reduction of prochiral ketones in which the carbonyl group is bounded by two bulky and/or hydrophobic groups; so-called ‘bulky–bulky’ ketones. Recently two ADHs, RasADH from Ralstonia sp. DSM 6428, and SyADH from Sphingobium yanoikuyae DSM 6900, have been described, which are distinguished by their ability to accept bulky–bulky ketones as substrates. In order to examine the molecular basis of the recognition of these substrates the structures of the native and NADPH complex of RasADH, and the NADPH complex of SyADH have been determined and refined to resolutions of 1.5, 2.9 and 2.5 Å, respectively. The structures reveal hydrophobic active site tunnels near the surface of the enzymes that are well-suited to the recognition of large hydrophobic substrates, as determined by modelling of the bulky–bulky substrate n-pentyl phenyl ketone. The structures also reveal the bases for NADPH specificity and (S)-stereoselectivity in each of the biocatalysts for n-pentyl phenyl ketone and related substrates.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a Marie Curie Network for Initial Training fellowships to K.K., J.K. and A.F. in the project BIOTRAINS (FP7-PEOPLE-ITN-2008-238531). We would also like to thank Prof. Wolfgang Kroutil of the University of Graz for genes encoding both RasADH and SyADH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK

    Henry Man, Annika Frank, Sam Hart, Johan P. Turkenburg & Gideon Grogan

  2. Facultad de Química, Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julian Clavería 8, C.P. 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain

    Kinga Kędziora, Iván Lavandera & Vicente Gotor-Fernández

  3. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany

    Justyna Kulig & Dörte Rother

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  1. Henry Man
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  2. Kinga Kędziora
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Correspondence to Gideon Grogan.

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Man, H., Kędziora, K., Kulig, J. et al. Structures of Alcohol Dehydrogenases from Ralstonia and Sphingobium spp. Reveal the Molecular Basis for Their Recognition of ‘Bulky–Bulky’ Ketones. Top Catal 57, 356–365 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-013-0191-2

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