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Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Using Layered Carboxylates and Hydroxide Salts as Catalysts

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Abstract

Layered lanthanum and copper(II) laurates were tested as catalysts for methanolic esterification of lauric acid (C12). Factorial design evidenced a positive effect of reaction temperature and amount of catalyst on ester conversion, while the acid:alcohol molar ratio (MR) had a negative effect. With lanthanum laurate, 90.5% conversion was reached at 140 °C with 10% catalyst and MR of 6:1. Although the highest conversion with copper(II) laurate converted 81.5% under the same conditions, results were better with a lower amount of catalyst (78% ester at 140 °C with 2% catalyst and MR of 6:1). A calcium hydroxide succinate was also investigated showing better catalytic performance than the well-known CaO, under mild reaction conditions (120 °C with 1% catalyst and MR of 3:1). Although layered carboxylates can be successively reused, the layered calcium hydroxide salt transformed into inactive CaCO3 in the second reuse reaction.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support was provided by CNPq, Capes and FINEP Brazilian agencies. We are grateful to Prof. Irineu Mazzaro (Physics Department) UFPR, for providing the means for collecting the X-ray diffractograms, to J.E.F.C. Gardolinski for providing the TGA/DTA analysis, to Dr. Kestur G. Satyanarayana and to María Isabel Pérez Montfort for technical and English revision of the manuscript. G.G.C.A. and F.S.L. also wish to acknowledge the DTI-2 and DTI-3 CNPq fellowships, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Pesquisa em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP. 19081, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Fábio da Silva Lisboa & Fernando Wypych

  2. Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal, 356, CP. 22800, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico

    Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal Arízaga

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  1. Fábio da Silva Lisboa
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  2. Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal Arízaga
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  3. Fernando Wypych
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Correspondence to Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal Arízaga.

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da Silva Lisboa, F., Arízaga, G.G.C. & Wypych, F. Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Using Layered Carboxylates and Hydroxide Salts as Catalysts. Top Catal 54, 474–481 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-011-9610-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-011-9610-4

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