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Effect of Particle Mixture on Seepage Properties of Crushed Mudstones

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Abstract

Crushed rocks, especially mudstones, whose seepage properties are strongly influenced by particle mixture during compaction due to muds will be washed away after water flow. The present study focuses on the porosity evolution, particle crushing and non-Darcy seepage properties, during the compaction, of a crushed mudstone particle size mixture. An experiment based on a self-designed water flow apparatus, the MTS 815.02 system and a non-Darcy testing method were performed to investigate the effect of particle size mixture on seepage properties and compaction behavior of crushed mudstones. In particular, the Reynolds number calculation of particle mixture shows that water flow has involved the influence of non-Darcy flow. Testing results indicate that: (1) The porosity of crushed mudstones is strongly influenced by compaction (axial displacement) and particle mixture. The porosity decreases with the increase in axial displacement and decrease in bigger particle size, respectively. (2) During the compaction, some larger particles were crushed which is a main reason to cause size 0–2.5 mm. Muds washed away are the main reason for weight lost in mudstone samples due to the effect of water seepage. (3) Non-Darcy seepage properties of crushed mudstones were strongly influenced by mixture sizes and compaction, and in general, during the axial compression, the permeability \(k\) decreases while the non-Darcy coefficient \(\beta \) increases with the decrease in porosity \(\phi \). (4) The fluctuations of \(k\)–\(\phi \) and \(\beta \)–\(\phi \) curves show that the lager the particle size, the more the fluctuation displayed in the curves. The permeability \(k\) of minimum size shows one order of magnitude less than that for largest one. (5) The porosity, particle crushing and seepage properties of crushed mudstones are not only related to compaction levels, mixture sizes, but also related to the style of arrangement.

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Abbreviations

\(d\) :

Average diameter of the grains (L)

\(d_\mathrm{p}\) :

Diameter of piston (L)

\(d_\mathrm{r}\) :

Diameter of mudstone sample (L)

\(h_0 \) :

Initial height of the crushed mudstone sample (L)

\(H_1 \) :

Cylinder tube height (L)

\(H_2 \) :

Piston height (L)

\(H_3\) :

Thickness of the felt filtration pad (L)

\(H_4 \) :

Thickness of porous plate (L)

\(i,n\) :

Spatial indices (\(-\))

\(k\) :

Permeability (\(\hbox {L}^{2}\))

\(L\) :

Sample length (L)

\(m\) :

Mass of the crushed mudstone sample (M)

\(p\) :

Pore pressure (\(\hbox {ML}^{-1}\,\hbox {T}^{-2}\))

\(p_\mathrm{a} \) :

Pore pressure connected with atmosphere (\(\hbox {ML}^{-1}\,\hbox {T}^{-2}\))

\(p_\mathrm{b} \) :

Pore pressure at the intake boundary (\(\hbox {ML}^{-1}\,\hbox {T}^{-2}\))

\(Q\) :

Cross section area of the cylinder tube (\(\hbox {L}^{2}\))

\(Re\) :

Reynolds number (\(-\))

\(S\) :

Axial displacement (L)

\(t\) :

Time (T)

\(v\) :

Water flow velocity (\(\hbox {LT}^{-1}\))

\(v_\mathrm{p}\) :

Supercharger piston velocity (\(\hbox {LT}^{-1}\))

\(z\) :

Vertical axis going through the center of the sample (L)

\(\partial \) :

Partial differential operator (\(-\))

\({\partial ()}/{\partial z}\) :

Nabla operator (\(\hbox {L}^{-1}\))

\(\beta \) :

Non-Darcy coefficient (\(\hbox {L}^{-1}\))

\(\mu \) :

Kinetic viscosity (\(\hbox {ML}^{-1}\,\hbox {T}^{-1}\))

\(\phi \) :

Porosity (\(-\))

\(\rho _\mathrm{s} \) :

Mass density (\(\hbox {ML}^{-3}\))

\(\rho _\mathrm{w} \) :

Water density (\(\hbox {ML}^{-3}\))

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB227900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1261201, 51322401 and 51421003), the National High Technology Joint Research Program of China (2012BAB13B00), the 111 Project of China (B07028), the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province (BK20130051) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China University of Mining and Technology) (2014YC09 and 2014ZDPY08).

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  1. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China

    Dan Ma, Haibo Bai, Zhanqing Chen & Hai Pu

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  1. Dan Ma
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Correspondence to Haibo Bai.

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Ma, D., Bai, H., Chen, Z. et al. Effect of Particle Mixture on Seepage Properties of Crushed Mudstones. Transp Porous Med 108, 257–277 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-015-0473-1

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