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Glutathione metabolism and antioxidant responses during Eleutherococcus senticosus somatic embryo development in a bioreactor

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Abstract

Compared to non-embryogenic callus, proembryonic mass, globular, and heart-shaped embryos of Eleutherococcus senticosus had higher levels of endogenous reduced glutathione (GSH). GSH content declined during the course of the embryo development (torpedo and cotyledon). Similarly, glutathione reductase that is involved in the recycling of GSH providing a constant intracellular level of GSH was also higher in globular and heart-shaped embryos. The transient increase in GSH contents also correlated with the changes in measured γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity over the same period. The endogenous levels of oxidized glutathione showed similar trend during development of the somatic embryos, whereas it declined in maturing somatic embryos. A pronounced increase in glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity was observed during somatic embryo maturation. Ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase; dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase) activities also induced indicated that antioxidant enzymes played an important role during embryo development. These results suggested that the coordinated up-regulations of the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione redox system provide protection during somatic embryo development in E. senticosus. Antioxidant responses through alterations of the glutathione redox systems, have been described in the present studies have a significant role in somatic embryo development.

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Abbreviations

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11)

CAT:

Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6)

2, 4 D:

2, 4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.8.5.1)

DHA:

Dehydroascorbate

γ-GCS:

Glutamylcysteine synthetase

GST:

Glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18)

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.12)

GR:

Glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2)

G-POD:

Guaiacol peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7)

MDHAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.6.5.4)

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development (MOE), the Ministry of commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) and the Ministry of Labour (MOLAB), Republic of Korea through the fostering project of the lab of Excellency. One of the authors (MBA) wishes to acknowledge the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for providing financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea

    A. M. Shohael, E. J. Hahn & K. Y. Paek

  2. Metabolic Regulation Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Division, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Kannondai, 305-8642, Japan

    M. B. Ali

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  1. A. M. Shohael
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  2. M. B. Ali
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  3. E. J. Hahn
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  4. K. Y. Paek
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Correspondence to M. B. Ali.

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Shohael, A.M., Ali, M.B., Hahn, E.J. et al. Glutathione metabolism and antioxidant responses during Eleutherococcus senticosus somatic embryo development in a bioreactor. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 89, 121–129 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-007-9220-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-007-9220-9

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