Abstract
A simple and effective method of regenerating Syngonium podophyllum ‘Variegatum’ via direct somatic embryogenesis has been established. Leaf and petiole explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) or N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ) with either α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Somatic embryos directly formed at one or two sides of petiole explants on MS medium supplemented 2.5 mg l−1 TDZ with 0.5 mg l−1 NAA or 2.0 mg l−1 TDZ with 0.2 mg l−1 NAA or with 0.2 and 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D, respectively. The frequency of petiole explants with somatic embryos produced was as high as 86% when cultured on medium containing 2.5 mg l−1 TDZ with 0.5 mg l−1 NAA. Up to 85% of somatic embryos were able to germinate after transferring onto medium containing 2.0 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.2 mg l−1 NAA. Approximately 50–150 plantlets were regenerated from a single petiole explant. However, there was no somatic embryo formation from leaf explants regardless of growth regulator combinations used. Regenerated plantlets from petiole explants were stable and grew vigorously after transplanting to a soilless container substrate in a shaded greenhouse.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BA:
-
6-benzylaminopurine
- CPPU:
-
N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea
- 2,4-D :
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MES:
-
(2-(N-morpholino) ethane-sulfonic acid
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog’s medium
- NAA:
-
α-naphthalene acetic acid
- TDZ:
-
N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea
References
Ahloowalia BS, (1991) Somatic embryos in monocots: their genesis and genetic stability Rev. Cytol. Biol. Veget-Bot 14:223–235
Bown D, (2000) Aroids: Plants of the Arum Family 2nd Ed. Timber Press, Inc. Portland, OR
Chase AR, (1997) Foliage Plant Diseases: Diagnosis and Control APS Press St. Paul, MN
Chen J, Henny RJ, McConnell DB, (2002) Development of new foliage plant cultivars. In: Janick J, Whipkey A, (eds) Trends in New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press; Alexandria, VA, pp. 466–472
Chen J, Henny RJ, Chao TC (2003) Somaclonal variation as a source for cultivar development of ornamental aroids. In: Pandalai SG (ed) Recent Research Development in Plant Science, Vol. 1 (pp. 31–43). Signpost Kerala, India
Chen J, McConnell DB, Henny RJ, Norman DJ, (2005) The foliage plant industry Hortic. Rev. 31:47–112
Croat TB, (1982) A revision of Syngonium (Araceae) Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68:565–651
Encheva J, Kohler H, Friedt W, Tsvetkova F, Ivanov P, Encheva V, Shindrova P, (2003) Field evaluation of somaclonal variation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and its application for crop improvement Euphytica 130:167–175
Fowler MR, Ong LM, Russinova E, Atanassov AI, Scott NW, Slater A, Elliott MC, (1998) Early changes in gene expression during direct somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa revealed by RAP-PCR J. Exp. Bot. 49:249–253
Gaj MD, (2001) Direct somatic embryogenesis as a rapid and efficient system for in vitro regeneration of Arabidopsis thaliana Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 64:39–46
Griffith LP, (1998) Tropical Foliage Plants: A Grower’s Guide Ball Pub Batavia, IL
Henley RW, Robinson CA, (1993) Nephthytis cultivars to know and grow Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc 106:343–347
Henny RJ, Chen J, (2003) Foliage plant cultivar development Plant Breeding Rev. 23:245–290
Huetteman CA, Preece JE, (1993) Thidiazuron: a potent cytokinin for plant tissue culture Plant Cell Tissue organ Cult 33:105–119
Kane MK, (2000) Micropropagation of Syngonium by shoot culture. In: Trigiano RN, Gray DJ, (eds) Plant Tissue Culture Concepts and Laboratory Exercise. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 87–95
Kintzios S, Manos C, Makri O, (1999) Somatic embryogenesis from mature leaves of rose (Rosa sp.) Plant Cell Rep. 18:467–472
Larkin PJ, Scowroft WR, (1981) Somaclonal variation: a novel source of variation from cell culture for plant improvement Theor. Appl. Genet. 60:197–214
Levin R, Stav R, Alper Y, Watad AA, (1996) In vitro multiplication in liquid culture of Syngonium contaminated with Bacillus spp. and Rathayibacter tritici Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 45:277–280
Mayo SJ, Bogner J, Boyce PC, (1997) The Genera of Araceae. Royal Bot Gardens Kew, UK
Merkle SA, (1997) Somatic embryogenesis in ornamentals. In: Geneve RL, Preece JE, Merkle SA, (eds) Biotechnology of Ornamental Plants. CAB Intl Wallingford, UK pp. 13–33
Miller LR, Murashige T, (1976) Tissue culture propagation of tropical foliage plants In Vitro 12:797–813
Murashige T, Skoog F, (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures Physiol. Plant 15:473–479
Norman DJ, Henny RJ, Yuen JMF & Mellich TA, (2003) Screening for resistance to myrothecium leaf spot among Syngonium species and cultivars HortScience 38:75–76
Rani V, Raina SN, (2000) Genetic fidelity of organized meristem-derived micropropagated plants: a critical reappraisal In Vitro Cell Dev. Bio.-Plant 36:319–330
Shibli RA, Shatnawi M, Abu-Ein & Al-Juboory KH, (2001) Somatic embryogenesis and plant recovery from callus of ‘Nabali’ olive (Olea europea L.) Sci. Hortic 88:243–256
Skirvin RM, McPheeters KD, Norton M, (1994) Sources and frequency of somaclonal variation HortScience 29:1232–1237
Vasil IK, (1987) Developing cell and tissue culture systems for the improvement of cereal and grass crops J. Plant Physiol 128:193–218
Watad AA, Raghothama KG, Kochba M, Nissim A, Gaba V, (1997) Micropropagation of Spathiphyllum and Syngonium is facilitated by use of interfacial membrane rafts HortScience 32:307–308
Zhang Q, Chen J, Henny RJ, (2005) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of leaf, petiole, and stem explants of Golden Pothos Plant Cell Rep. 23:587–595
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station and approved for publication as journal series no. R-10848.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Q., Chen, J. & Henny, R.J. Regeneration of Syngonium podophyllum ‘Variegatum’ through direct somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 84, 181–188 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-005-9019-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-005-9019-5