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Silent bleeding in children and adolescents with immune thrombocytopenia: relation to laboratory parameters and health related quality of life

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Abstract

Occult hemorrhage can occur in any internal organ in ITP patients. Four sites of occult hemorrhage require attention including microscopic hematuria, fecal occult blood loss, retinal hemorrhage, and silent intracranial hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of subclinical bleeding in children with ITP and its relation to clinical and laboratory disease parameters including bleeding score and health related quality of life. This cross-sectional study included 40 ITP patients recruited from the Pediatric Hematology/Oncology unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Inclusion criteria were patients with ITP (acute, persistent or chronic) having platelet count of 20,000/cmm or less at diagnosis/relapse, patients with overt bleeding and patients with secondary ITP were excluded. Occult blood in stools and urine analysis, fundus examination, and non-contrast brain MRI for microbleeds were done. Out of the forty included patients, 24 had chronic, 11 had acute and 5 had persistent ITP. Eleven patients had occult bleeds. Two patients had occult blood in stools, five had microscopic hematuria, one had retinal bleeds and three patients had brain microbleeds. Their mean age was 10.23 ± 4.18 years and their mean initial bleeding score was 2.55 ± 0.82. Nine patients with occult bleeding were chronic, one persistent and one acute ITP patients. There were no significant differences between patients with occult bleeding and those without as regards the initial bleeding score, platelet counts and hemoglobin level, as well as the mean platelet counts and mean hemoglobin level over the disease duration (p > 0.5). The scoring of the parent’s life, Child and parents’ quality of life was low in 3 out of 11 patients with occult bleeding. There was no significant difference between patients with occult bleeding and those without as regards the ITP child and parents’ quality of life items (p = 0.850 and 0.511 respectively). Our results suggest that subclinical bleeding is a potential risk in children with ITP, more commonly chronic ITP patients. We could not demonstrate a significant relation of occult bleeding to the laboratory findings, bleeding score, and the ITP health quality of life; nevertheless, the significance of the routine assessment of occult bleeding in ITP and the identification of high-risk patients require additional studies.

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Acknowledgements

Quality of life instrument for immune thrombocytopenic purpura was developed with funding from Cangene and the Hospital for Sick Children, Laurentian University, Children s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Inc and Dr Dorothy Barnard, 2007.

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Funding information is not applicable/No funding was received.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Abasseya Square, Cairo, Egypt

    Azza A. Tantawy, Nayera H. K. Elsherif, Mahmoud A. Kenny, Ahmed E. Hassan & Marwa E. Kabil

  2. Radiology Department, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt

    Khaled A. Aboulfotouh

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  1. Azza A. Tantawy
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  2. Nayera H. K. Elsherif
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  3. Mahmoud A. Kenny
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  4. Khaled A. Aboulfotouh
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  5. Ahmed E. Hassan
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  6. Marwa E. Kabil
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Correspondence to Azza A. Tantawy.

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All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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An informed consent was obtained from all the patients’ parents or their legal guardians before enrolling in the study.

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Tantawy, A.A., Elsherif, N.H.K., Kenny, M.A. et al. Silent bleeding in children and adolescents with immune thrombocytopenia: relation to laboratory parameters and health related quality of life. J Thromb Thrombolysis 50, 258–266 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02036-4

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