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Shorter hospital stays in epistaxis patients with atrial fibrillation when taking rivaroxaban or apixaban versus phenprocoumon

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Abstract

Patients taking oral anticoagulants (OACs) currently represent one-third of all patients treated for epistaxis and an upward trend is expected. New direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been on the market for approximately 10 years. DOACs are favoured over Vitamin K-Antagonists (VKAs) in the current guidelines. There are barely studies that investigate the impact of DOACs on patients with epistaxis. A retrospective study was performed analysing all patients who had stationary treatment for epistaxis from 01.01.2011 to 01.01.2018 in a tertiary care centre. In a total of 466 patients, 46.1% were on OACs. The main indication was atrial fibrillation (AF, 67.4%).The number of DOACs taken surpassed that of the VKAs during the past 2 years. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the phenprocoumon group (3 ± 0.2 days) in comparison to both the rivaroxaban (2.3 ± 0.1) and the apixaban (2.2 ± 0.1) groups (p = 0.005). Posterior epistaxis occurred more frequently in the phenprocoumon group (10.8%) than in the rivaroxaban (0%) and apixaban (0%) groups (p = 0.03). A correlation between CHA2DS2–VASc score (risk score for apoplexy in patients with AF, p = 0.01), HAS-BLED score (score for assessment of major bleeding in patients taking anticoagulants with AF, p = 0.006), and length of hospital stay (p = 0.002) with recurrence of epistaxis was found. Shorter hospital stays and exclusively anterior bleeding was noted in AF patients taking rivaroxaban and apixaban, whereas AF patients taking phenprocoumon stayed in hospital longer and had more posterior bleeding.

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Funding

This project was funded entirely by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Sana Kliniken Leipziger Land, Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, Head/Neck & Facial Plastic Surgery, Sana Kliniken Leipziger Land, Rudolf-Virchow-Strasse 2, 04552, Borna, Germany

    Petar Stankovic, Robert Georgiew, Cornelius Frommelt, Sabine Hammel, Jan Wittlinger & Thomas Wilhelm

  2. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Phillips-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany

    Stephan Hoch

  3. Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Danilo Obradovic

  4. Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Nikolaos Dagres

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  1. Petar Stankovic
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  2. Robert Georgiew
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Correspondence to Thomas Wilhelm.

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Stankovic, P., Georgiew, R., Frommelt, C. et al. Shorter hospital stays in epistaxis patients with atrial fibrillation when taking rivaroxaban or apixaban versus phenprocoumon. J Thromb Thrombolysis 47, 384–391 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-019-01824-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-019-01824-x

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