Abstract
The characteristics of mobile cloud computing (MCC) including, mobility, the instability of 3G/WiFi connections, and the complexity of virtualization, make the prediction of performance challenging. To deal with these issues, an analytical performance model consisting of stochastic sub-models is proposed. Furthermore, to obtain outputs of the sub-models and the overall result, a Markov reward approach is applied. Closed-form solutions of the sub-models are also presented. Specifically, this study models a type of MCC known as mobile network operator cloud (MNOC) in which the mobile devices receive services from the MNOC via 3G connection. The performance of such a class of MCC is affected by a varied set of parameters, such as handoff failure and workload. The model illustrates the impact of the parameters on two important performance measures: request rejection probability and mean response delay. Using the SHARPE software package, the model is solved and numerical results presented. Moreover, the analytical results are verified through discrete-event simulation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abolfazli S, Sanaei Z (2012) MOMCC: market-oriented architecture for mobile cloud computing based on service oriented architecture. In: Proceedings of the 1st IEEE international conference on communications in China (ICCC), pp 8–13. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6316481
Abolfazli S, Sanaei Z, Alizadeh M, Gani A, Xia F (2014) An experimental analysis on cloud-based mobile augmentation in mobile cloud computing. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 60(1):146–154. doi:10.1109/TCE.2014.6780937
Aijaz A, Aghvami H, Amani M (2013) A survey on mobile data offloading: technical and business perspectives. IEEE Wirel Commun 20(2):104–112. doi:10.1109/MWC.2013.6507401
Amazon: Amazon Web Service EC2. http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/
AT&T: AT&T Cloud Architect. http://cloudarchitect.att.com/Home/
AT&TIaaS: AT&T Synaptic Compute as a Service. https://www.synaptic.att.com/clouduser/compute_pricing.htm
Chun B, Ihm S, Maniatis P (2011) Clonecloud: elastic execution between mobile device and cloud. In: Proceedings of the sixth conference on computer systems, pp 301–314. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1966473
Cuervo E, Balasubramanian A (2010) MAUI: making smartphones last longer with code offload. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems and applications, pp 49–62. doi:10.1145/1814433.1814441
Fang Y (2005) Modeling and performance analysis for wireless mobile networks: a new analytical approach. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 13(5):989–1002
Fang Y, Zhang Y (2002) Call admission control schemes and performance analysis in wireless mobile networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 51(2):371–382
Fernando N, Loke SW, Rahayu W (2013) Mobile cloud computing: a survey. Fut Gen Comput Syst 29(1):84–106. doi:10.1016/j.future.2012.05.023. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167739X12001318
Ghosh R, Longo F, Naik VK, Trivedi KS (2013) Modeling and performance analysis of large scale IaaS clouds. Fut Gen Comput Syst 29(5):1216–1234. doi:10.1016/j.future.2012.06.005
Kaaranen H, Naghian S, Laitinen L, Ahtiainen A, Niemi V (2005) UMTS networks: architecture, mobility and services. Wiley, New York
Khan AUR, Othman M, Madani SA, Khan SU (2014) A survey of mobile cloud computing application models. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 16(1):393–413. doi:10.1109/SURV.2013.062613.00160
Khazaei H, Misic J, Misic VB (2012) Performance analysis of cloud computing centers using m/g/m/m+ r queuing systems. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 23(5):936–943
Khazaei H, Misic J, Misic VB (2013) A fine-grained performance model of cloud computing centers. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 24(11):2138–2147
Kumar K, Liu J, Lu YH, Bhargava B (2013) A survey of computation offloading for mobile systems. Mob Netw Appl 18(1):129–140. doi:10.1007/s11036-012-0368-0
Liu F, Shu P, Jin H, Ding L, Yu J, Niu D, Li B (2013) Gearing resource-poor mobile devices with powerful clouds: architectures, challenges, and applications. IEEE Wirel Commun 20(3):14–21. doi:10.1109/MWC.2013.6549279
Marinelli EE (2009) Hyrax: cloud computing on mobile devices using MapReduce. Carnegie-Mellon Univ, No. CMU-CS-09-164. Carnegie-Mellon Univ Pittsburgh Pa School of Computer Science
MATLAB: User’s Guide. www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/
Medhi D, Trivedi KS (2011) A hierarchical model to evaluate quality of experience of online services hosted by cloud computing. In: proceedings of 12th IFIP/IEEE international symposium on integrated network management, pp 105–112. doi:10.1109/INM.2011.5990680
Mehmeti F, Spyropoulos T (2013) Optimization of delayed mobile data offloading. Tech. rep, EURECOM
Mehmeti F, Spyropoulos T, Khalifé H (2013) Performance analysis of “on-the-spot” mobile data offloading. In: proceedings of IEEE Globecom 2013, pp 1577–1583
Sanaei Z, Abolfazli S (2012) SAMI: service-based arbitrated multi-tier infrastructure for mobile cloud computing. In: 1st IEEE international conference on communications in China (ICCC), pp 14–19. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6316466
Sato N, Trivedi K (2007) Accurate and efficient stochastic reliability analysis of composite services using their compact Markov reward model representations. In: proceedings of IEEE international conference on services computing (SCC), pp 114–121. doi:10.1109/SCC.2007.21
Satyanarayanan M (2011) Mobile computing: the next decade. ACM SIGMOBILE Mob Comput Commun Rev 15(2):2–10
Satyanarayanan M, Bahl P (2009) The case for vm-based cloudlets in mobile computing. IEEE Pervas Comput 8(4):14–23. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5280678
Sharifi M, Kafaie S, Kashefi O (2012) Survey and taxonomy of cyber foraging of mobile devices. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 14(4):1232–1243
Shu P, Liu F, Jin H, Chen M, Wen F, Qu Y, Li B (2013) ETime: energy-efficient transmission between cloud and mobile devices. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, pp 195–199. doi:10.1109/INFCOM.2013.6566762
Simanta S, Ha K, Lewis G, Morris E, Satyanarayanan M (2013) A reference architecture for mobile code offload in hostile environments 2 cloudlets as intermediate offload elements. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on mobile computing, applications, and services, pp 274–293
TELECOMS: mobile cloud computing industry outlook report: 2011–2016. Tech Rep (2011)
Trivedi KS (2001) Probability and statistics with reliability, queuing and computer science applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
Trivedi KS, Sahner R (2009) SHARPE at the age of twenty two. ACM SIGMETRICS Perform Eval Rev 36(4):52–57. doi:10.1145/1530873.1530884
UMTS: 3GPP release 1999 UMTS specifications. http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/103-umts
Verbelen T, Simoens P, Turck FD, Dhoedt B (2012) Cloudlets: bringing the cloud to the mobile user. In: Proceedings of the third ACM workshop on mobile cloud computing and services, pp 29–36. doi:10.1145/2307849.2307858
Verizon: Verizon Cloud Solutions. http://www.verizonenterprise.com/solutions/cloud/
Zhang X, Kunjithapatham A, Jeong S, Gibbs S (2011) Towards an elastic application model for augmenting the computing capabilities of mobile devices with cloud computing. Mob Netw Appl 16(3):270–284. doi:10.1007/s11036-011-0305-7
Zhao B, Xu Z, Chi C, Zhu S, Cao G (2012) Mirroring smartphones for good: a feasibility study. In: Proceedings of mobile and ubiquitous systems: computing and networking, pp 26–38
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Raei, H., Yazdani, N. Analytical performance model for mobile network operator cloud. J Supercomput 71, 4555–4577 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1551-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1551-4