Abstract
The Cassini mission provides a great opportunity to enlarge our knowledge of atmospheric electricity at the gas giant Saturn. Following Voyager studies, the RPWS (Radio and Plasma Wave Science) instrument has measured again the so-called SEDs (Saturn Electrostatic Discharges) which are the radio signature of lightning flashes. Observations by Cassini/ISS (Imaging Science Subsystem) have shown cloud features in Saturn’s atmosphere whose occurrence, longitudinal drift rate, and brightness were strongly related to the SEDs.
In this paper we will review the main physical parameters of the SEDs. Lightning does not only give us clues about the dynamics of the atmosphere, but also serves as a natural tool to investigate properties of Saturn’s ionosphere. We will also discuss other lightning related phenomena and compare Saturn lightning with terrestrial and Jovian lightning.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F. Akalin, D.A. Gurnett, T.F. Averkamp et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L20107 (2006)
S.K. Atreya, A.-S. Wong, Space Sci. Rev. 114, 121–136 (2004)
K.L. Aplin, Surv. Geophys. 27, 63–108 (2006)
K.H. Baines, A.A. Simon-Miller, G.S. Orton et al., Science 318, 226–229 (2007)
W.J. Borucki, M.A. Williams, J. Geophys. Res. 91(D9), 9893–9903 (1986)
W.J. Borucki, C.P. McKay, D. Jebens, H.S. Lakkaraju, C.T. Vanajakshi, Icarus 123, 336–344 (1996)
J.A. Burns, M.R. Showalter, J.N. Cuzzi, R.H. Durisen, Icarus 54, 280–295 (1983)
J.E.P. Connerney, J.H. Waite, Nature 312, 136–138 (1984)
A.F. Cook, T.C. Duxbury, G.E. Hunt, Nature 280, 794–795 (1979)
M.D. Desch, G. Fischer, M.L. Kaiser et al., in Planetary Radio Emissions VI, ed. by H.O. Rucker, W.S. Kurth, G. Mann (Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna, 2006), pp. 103–110
S.J. Desch, W.J. Borucki, C.T. Russell, A. Bar-Nun, Rep. Prog. Phys. 65, 955–997 (2002)
U.A. Dyudina, A.P. Ingersoll, A.R. Vasavada, S.P. Ewald, the Galileo SSI Team, Icarus 160, 336–349 (2002)
U.A. Dyudina, A.D. Del Genio, A.P. Ingersoll et al., Icarus 172, 24–36 (2004)
U.A. Dyudina, A.P. Ingersoll, P.E. Shawn et al., Icarus 190, 545–555 (2007)
D.R. Evans, J.H. Romig, C.W. Hord et al., Nature 299, 236–237 (1982)
D.R. Evans, J.H. Romig, J.W. Warwick, Icarus 54, 267–279 (1983)
W.M. Farrell, M.L. Kaiser, M.D. Desch, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 2601–2604 (1999)
W.M. Farrell, M.L. Kaiser, G. Fischer et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L06202 (2007)
G. Fischer, M.D. Desch, P. Zarka et al., Icarus 183, 135–152 (2006a)
G. Fischer, W. Macher, M.D. Desch et al., in Planetary Radio Emissions VI, ed. by H.O. Rucker, W.S. Kurth, G. Mann (Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna, 2006b), pp. 123–132
G. Fischer, W. Macher, D.A. Gurnett et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L21201 (2006c)
G. Fischer, W.S. Kurth, U.A. Dyudina et al., Icarus 190, 528–544 (2007a)
G. Fischer, D.A. Gurnett, A. Lecacheux, W. Macher, W.S. Kurth, J. Geophys. Res. 112, A12308 (2007b)
G.J. Fishman, P.N. Bhat, R. Mallozzi et al., Science 264, 1313–1316 (1994)
H. Fukunishi, Y. Takahashi, M. Kubota et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2157–2160 (1996)
S. Gibbard, E.H. Levy, J.I. Lunine, Nature 378, 592–595 (1995)
D.A. Gurnett, R.R. Shaw, R.R. Anderson, W.S. Kurth, Geophys. Res. Lett. 6, 511–514 (1979)
D.A. Gurnett, P. Zarka, R. Manning et al., Nature 409, 313–315 (2001)
D.A. Gurnett, W.S. Kurth, D.L. Kirchner et al., Space Sci. Rev. 114, 395–463 (2004)
D.A. Gurnett, W.S. Kurth, G.B. Hospodarsky et al., Science 307, 1255–1259 (2005)
R. Hueso, A. Sánchez-Lavega, Icarus 172, 255–271 (2004)
M.L. Kaiser, J.E.P. Connerney, M.D. Desch, Nature 303, 50–53 (1983)
M.L. Kaiser, M.D. Desch, J.E.P. Connerney, J. Geophys. Res. 89(A4), 2371–2376 (1984)
A.A. Konovalenko, A. Lecacheux, H.O. Rucker et al., European Planetary Science Congress, Berlin, Germany, 2006, p. 229
W.S. Kurth, D.A. Gurnett, F.L. Scarf, Icarus 53, 255–261 (1983)
A. Lecacheux, F. Biraud, in CNES Planetary Rings, 1984, pp. 319–324
B. Little, C.D. Anger, A.P. Ingersoll et al., Icarus 142, 306–323 (1999)
C.C. Porco, R.A. West, S. Squyres et al., Space Sci. Rev. 115, 363–497 (2004)
C.C. Porco, E. Baker, J. Barbara et al., Science 307, 1243–1247 (2005)
V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, Lightning, Physics and Effects (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2003)
K. Rinnert, L.J. Lanzerotti, M.A. Uman et al., J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22,979–22,992 (1998)
R. Roussel-Dupré, J. Colman, E. Symbalisty, D. Sentman, V. Pasko, Space Sci. Rev. (2008, this issue)
D.D. Sentman, Icarus 88, 73–86 (1990)
X.M. Shao, A.R. Jacobson, J. Geophys. Res. 107(D20), 4430 (2002)
F. Simões, M. Rycroft, N. Renno et al., Space Sci. Rev. (2008, this issue)
D.M. Suszcynsky, R. Roussel-Dupré, G. Shaw, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 23505–23516 (1996)
J.W. Warwick, J.B. Pearce, R.G. Peltzer, A.C. Riddle, Space Sci. Rev. 21, 309–327 (1977)
J.W. Warwick, J.B. Pearce, D.R. Evans et al., Science 212, 239–243 (1981)
J.W. Warwick, D.R. Evans, J.H. Romig et al., Science 215, 582–587 (1982)
E. Williams, R. Boldi, J. Bór et al., J. Geophys. Res. 111, D16209 (2006)
C.T.R. Wilson, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 236, 297 (1956)
Y. Yair, Z. Levin, S. Tzivion, Icarus 115, 421–434 (1995)
Y. Yair, G. Fischer, F. Simões, N. Renno, P. Zarka, Space Sci. Rev. (2008, this issue). doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9349-9
P. Zarka, in Planetary Radio Emissions I, ed. by H.O. Rucker, S.J. Bauer (Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna, 1985a), pp. 161–182
P. Zarka, Astron. Astrophys. 146, L15–L18 (1985b)
P. Zarka, B.M. Pedersen, J. Geophys. Res. 88(A11), 9007–9018 (1983)
P. Zarka, J. Queinnec, B.P. Ryabov et al., in Planetary Radio Emissions IV, ed. by H.O. Rucker, S.J. Bauer, A. Lecacheux (Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna, 1997), pp. 101–127
P. Zarka, W.M. Farrell, M.L. Kaiser, E. Blanc, W.S. Kurth, Planet. Space Sci. 52, 1435–1447 (2004)
P. Zarka, B. Cecconi, L. Denis et al., in Planetary Radio Emissions VI, ed. by H.O. Rucker, W.S. Kurth, G. Mann (Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna, 2006), pp. 111–122
P. Zarka, W.M. Farrell, G. Fischer, A. Konovalenko, Space Sci. Rev. (2008, this issue). doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9366-8
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fischer, G., Gurnett, D.A., Kurth, W.S. et al. Atmospheric Electricity at Saturn. Space Sci Rev 137, 271–285 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9370-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9370-z