Abstract
Following on from IRAS, ISO has provided a huge advancement in our knowledge of the phenomenology of the infrared (IR) emission of normal galaxies and the underlying physical processes. Highlights include the discovery of an extended cold dust emission component, present in all types of gas-rich galaxies and carrying the bulk of the dust luminosity; the definitive characterisation of the spectral energy distribution in the IR, revealing the channels through which stars power the IR light; the derivation of realistic geometries for stars and dust from ISO imaging; the discovery of cold dust associated with H I extending beyond the optical body of galaxies; the remarkable similarity of the near-IR (NIR)/mid-IR (MIR) SEDs for spiral galaxies, revealing the importance of the photo-dissociation regions in the energy budget for that wavelength range; the importance of the emission from the central regions in shaping up the intensity and the colour of the global MIR luminosity; the discovery of the “hot” NIR continuum emission component of interstellar dust; the predominance of the diffuse cold neutral medium as the origin for the main interstellar cooling line, [C II] 158 μm, in normal galaxies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alton, P. B., Bianchi, S., Rand, R. J., Xilouris, E. M., Davies, J. I., et al.: 1998b, Astrophys. J. 507, L125.
Alton, P. B., Trewhella, M., Davies, J. I., Evans, R., Bianchi, S., et al.: 1998a, Astron. Astrophys. 335, 807.
Athey, A., Bregman, J., Bregman, J., Temi, P., and Sauvage, M.: 2002, Astrophys. J. 571, 272.
Bendo, G. J., Joseph, R. D., Wells, M., Gallais, P., Haas, M., et al.: 2002a, Astron. J. 123, 3067.
Bendo, G. J., Joseph, R. D., Wells, M., Gallais, P., Haas, M., et al.: 2002b, Astron. J. 124, 1380.
Bendo, G. J., Joseph, R. D., Wells, M., Gallais, P., Haas, M., et al.: 2003, Astron. J. 125, 2361.
Bergvall, N., Masegosa, J., Östlin, G., and Cericharo, J.: 2000, Astron. Astrophys. 359, 41.
Bianchi, S., Davies, J. I., and Alton, P. B.: 2000a, Astron. Astrophys. 359, 65.
Bianchi, S., Davies, J. I., Alton, P. B., Gerin, M., and Casoli, F.: 2000b, Astron. Astrophys. 353, L13.
Binggeli, B., Popescu, C. C., and Tammann, G. A.: 1993, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 98, 275.
Binggeli, B., Sandage, A., and Tammann, G. A.: 1985, Astron. J. 90, 1681.
Bot, C., Boulanger, F., Lagache, G., Cambrésy, L., and Egret, D.: 2004, Astron. Astrophys. 423, 567.
Boselli, A., Gavazzi, G., Lequeux, J., and Pierini, D.: 2002, Astron. Astrophys. 385, 454.
Boselli, A., Gavazzi, G., and Sanvito, G.: 2003a, Astron. Astrophys. 402, 37.
Boselli, A., Lequeux, J., Contursi, A., Gavazzi, G., Boulade, O., et al.: 1997, Astron. Astrophys. 324, L13.
Boselli, A., Sauvage, M., Lequeux, J., Donati, A., and Gavazzi, G.: 2003b, Astron. Astrophys. 406, 867.
Bregman, J. N., Snider, B. A., Grego, L., and Cox, C. V.: 1998, Astrophys. J. 499, 670.
Cesarsky, D., Lequeux, J., Pagani, L., Ryter, C., Loinard, L., and Sauvage, M.: 1998, Astron. Astrophys. 337, L35.
Cesarsky, C. J., et al.: 1996, A & A 315, L32.
Charlot, S. and Fall, S. M.: 2000, Astrophys. J. 539, 718.
Contoursi, A., Kaufman, M. J., Helou, G., et al.: 2002, Astron. J. 124, 751.
Contursi, A., Boselli, A., Gavazzi, G., Bertagna, E., Tuffs, R., and Lequeux, J.: 2001, Astron. Astrophys. 365, 11.
Contursi, A., Lequeux, J., Hanus, M., Heydari-Malayeri, M., Bonoli, C., Bosma, A., et al.: 1998, Astron. Astrophys. 336, 662.
Contursi, A., Lequeux, J., Cesarsky, D., Boulanger, F., Rubio, M., Hanus, M., et al.: 2000, Astron. Astrophys. 362, 310.
Crawford, M. K., Genzel, R., Townes, C. H., and Watson, D. M.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 291, 755.
Crowther, P. A., Beck, S. C., Willis, A. J., Conti, P. S., Morris, P. W., and Sutherland, R. S.: 1999, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 304, 654.
Dale, D., and Helou, G.: 2002, Astrophys. J. 576, 159.
Dale, D. A., Helou, G., Contursi, A., Silbermann, N. A., and Kolhatkar, S.: 2001, Astrophys. J. 549, 215.
Dale, D. A., Helou, G., Silbermann, N. A., Contursi, A., Malhotra, S., and Rubin, R. H.: 1999, Astron. J. 118, 2055.
Dale, D. A., Silbermann, N. A., Helou, G., Valjavec, E., Malhotra, S., Beichmann, C. A., et al.: 2000, Astron. J. 120, 583.
Davies, J. I., Alton, P., Bianchi, S., and Trewhella, M.: 1998, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 300, 1006.
Davies, J. I., Alton, P., Trewhella, M., Evans, R., and Bianchi, S.: 1999, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 304, 495.
de Jong, T., Clegg, P. E., Soifer, B. T., et al.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 278, L67.
de Jong, T., Klein, U., Wielebinski, R., and Wunderlich, E.: 1985, Astron. Astrophys. 147, L6.
Domingue, D. L., Sulentic, J. W., Xu, C., Mazzarella, J., Gao, Y., and Rampazzo, R.: 2003, Astron. J. 125, 555.
Dopita, M. A., Groves, B. A., Fischera, J., Sutherland, R. S., Tuffs, R. J., et al.: 2005, Astrophys. J. 619, 755.
Dupac, X., del Burgo, C., Bernard, J.-P., et al.: 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 344, 105.
Ferguson, A., Gallagher, J. S., and Wyse, R.: 1998, Astron. J. 116, 673.
Ferrara, A., Ferrini, F., Barsella, B., and Franco, J.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 381, 137.
Förster-Schreiber, N., Roussel, H., Sauvage, M., and Charmandaris, V.: 2004, Astron. Astrophys. 419, 501.
Förster-Schreiber, N., Sauvage, M., Charmandaris, V., Laurent, O., Gallais, P., Mirabel, I. F., et al.: 2003, Astron. Astrophys. 399, 833.
Galliano, F., Madden, S. C., Jones, A. P., Wilson, C. D., Bernard, J.-P., et al.: 2003, Astron. Astrophys. 407, 159.
Gerhard, O. and Silk, J.: 1996, Astrophys. J. 472, 34.
Guélin, M., Zylka, R., Mezger, P. G., Haslam, C. G. T., Kreysa, E., et al.: 1993, Astron. Astrophys. 279, L37.
Haas, M.: 1998, Astron. Astrophys. 337, L1.
Haas, M., Klaas, U., and Bianchi, S.: 2002, Astron. Astrophys. 385, L23.
Haas, M., Lemke, D., Stickel, M., Hippelein, H., Kunkel, M., et al.: 1998, Astron. Astrophys. 338, L33.
Haas, M., Siebenmorgen, R., Leipski, C., Ott, S., Cunow, B., Meusinger, H., et al.: 2004, Astron. Astrophys. 419, L49.
Helou, G.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 311, 33.
Helou, G., Khan, I. R., Malek, L., and Boehmer, L.: 1988, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 68, 151.
Helou, G., Malhotra, S., Beichman, C. A., Dinerstein, H., Hollenbach, D. J., Hunter, D. A., et al.: 1996, Astron. Astrophys. 315, L157.
Helou, G., Malhotra, S., Hollenbach, D. J., Dale, D. A., and Contursi, A.: 2001, Astrophys. J. 548, L73.
Helou, G., Roussel, H., Appleton, P., Frayer, D., Stolovy, S., et al.: 2004, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 154, 253.
Helou, G., Soifer, B. T., and Rowan-Robinson, M. R.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 298, L7.
Higdon, S. J. U., Higdon, J. L., van der Hulst, J. M., and Stacey, G. J.: 2003, Astrophys. J. 592, 161.
Hippelein, H., Haas, M., Tuffs, R. J., Lemke, D., Stickel, M., et al.: 2003, Astron. Astrophys. 407, 137.
Hoffman, G. L., Helou, G., Salpeter, E. E., and Lewis, B. M.: 1989, Astrophys. J. 339, 812.
Hodge, P.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 182, 671.
Hoffman, G. L., Salpeter, E. E., Farhat, B., Roos, T., Williams, H., and Helou, G.: 1996, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 105, 269.
Hunter, D. A., Kaufman, M., Hollenbach, D. J., Rubin, R. H., Malhotra, S., et al.: 2001, Astrophys. J. 553, 121.
Jura, M., Kim, D. W., Knapp, G. R., and Guhathakurta, P.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 312.
Kessler, M. F., et al.: 1996, A & A 315, L27.
Knapp, G. R., Guhathakurta, P., Kin, D. W., and Jura, M.: 1989, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 70, 329.
Kraemer, K. E., Price, S. D., Mizuno, D. R., and Carey, S. J.: 2002, Astron. J. 124, 2990.
Krause, O., Lisenfeld, U., Lemke, D., et al.: 2003, Astron. Astrophys. 402, L1.
Krügel, E., Siebenmorgen, R., Zota, V., and Chini, R.: 1998, Astron. Astrophys. 331, L9.
Leech, K. J., Völk, H. J., Heinrichsen, I., Hippelein, H., Metcalfe, L., et al.: 1999, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 310, 317.
Lemke, D., et al.: 1996, A & A 315, L64.
Li, A. and Draine, B. T.: 2002, Astrophys. J. 572, 232.
Lonsdale-Persson, C. J. and Helou, G.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 314, 513.
Lord, S. D., Malhotra, S., Lim, T., et al.: 1996, Astron. Astrophys. 315, L117.
Lu, N., Helou, G., Werner, M. W., Dinerstein, H. L., Dale, D. A., Silbermann, N. A., et al.: 2003, Astrophys. J. 588, 199.
Madden, S. C.: 2000, New Astron. Rev. 44, 249.
Madden, S. C., Geis, N., Genzel, R., Herrmann, F., Jackson, J., et al.: 1993, Astrophys. J. 407, 579.
Malhotra, S., Helou, G., Hollenbach, S., Kaufman, M., Lord, S., et al.: 1999, in: Cox, P. and Kessler, M. F. (eds.), Proceedings of the Conference “The Universe as Seem by ISO”, ESA-SP 427, p. 937.
Malhotra, S., Helou, G., Stacey, G., Hollenbach, S., Lord, S., et al.: 1997, Astrophys. J. 491, L27.
Malhotra, S., Helou, G., van Buren, D., Kong, M., Beichman, C. H., Dinerstein, H., et al.: 1996, Astron. Astrophys. 315, L161.
Malhotra, S., Kaufman, M. J., Hollenbach, D., Helou, G., Rubin, R. H., et al.: 2001, Astrophys. J. 561, 766.
Martin, C., et al.: 2005, Astrophys. J. Lett. 619, L1.
Melisse, J. P. M. and Israel, F. P.: 1994, Astron. Astrophys. 285, 51.
Misiriotis, A., Popescu, C. C., Tuffs, R. J., and Kylafis, N. D.: 2001, Astron. Astrophys. 372, 775.
Negishi, T., Onaka, T., Chan, K.-W., and Roellig, T. L.: 2001, Astron. Astrophys. 375, 566.
O'Halloran, B., Metcalfe, L., Delaney, M., McBreen, B., Laureijs, R., Leech, K., et al.: 2000, Astron. Astrophys. 360, 871.
Ott, S., Siebenmorgen, R., Chartel, N., and Vo, T.: 2003, in: Gry, C., Peschke, S., Matagne, J., Garcia-Lario, P., Lorente, R., Salama, A. (eds.), Proceedings of the Conference “Exploiting the ISO Data Archive. Infrared Astronomy in the Internet Age”, ESA SP-511, p. 159.
Pagani, L., Lequeux, J., Cesarsky, D., Donas, J., Milliard, B., Loinard, L., and Sauvage, M.: 1999, Astron. Astrophys. 351, 447.
Pierini, D., Leech, K. J., Tuffs, R. J., and Völk, H. J.: 1999, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 303, L29.
Pierini, D., Leech, K. J., and Völk, H. J.: 2003a, Astron. Astrophys. 397, 871.
Pierini, D., Lequeux, J., Boselli, A., Leech, K. J., and Völk, H. J.: 2001, Astron. Astrophys. 373, 827.
Pierini, D. and Möller, C.: 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346, 818.
Pierini, D., Popescu, C. C., Tuffs, R. J., and Völk, H. J.: 2003b, Astron. Astrophys. 409, 907.
Pfenniger, D. and Combes, F.: 1994, Astron. Astrophys. 285, 94.
Pfenniger, D., Combes, F., and Martinet, L.: 1994, Astron. Astrophys. 285, 79.
Popescu, C. C., Misiriotis, A., Kylafis, N. D., Tuffs, R. J., and Fischera, J.: 2000b, Astron. Astrophys. 362, 138.
Popescu, C. C. and Tuffs, R. J.: 2002a, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 335, L41.
Popescu, C. C. and Tuffs, R. J.: 2002b, Rev. Mod. Astron. 15.
Popescu, C. C. and Tuffs, R. J.: 2003, Astron. Astrophys. 410, L21.
Popescu, C. C., Tuffs, R. J., Fischera, J., and Völk, H. J.: 2000a, Astron. Astrophys. 354, 480.
Popescu, C. C., Tuffs, R. J., Kylafis, N. D., and Madore, B. F.: 2004, Astron. Astrophys. 414, 45.
Popescu, C. C., Tuffs, R. J., Madore, B. F., Gil de Paz, A., Völk, H., et al.: 2005, Astrophys. J. Lett. 619, L75.
Popescu, C. C., Tuffs, R. J., Völk, H. J., Pierini, D., and Madore, B. F.: 2002, Astrophys. J. 567, 221.
Quillen, A. C., Rieke, G. H., Rieke, M. J., Caldwell, N., and Engelbracht, C.: 1999, Astrophys. J. 518, 632.
Reach, W. T., Boulanger, F., Contursi, A., and Lequeux, J.: 2000, Astron. Astrophys. 361, 895.
Rice, W., Lonsdale, C. J., and Soifer, B. T., et al.: 1988, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 68, 91.
Roussel, H., Sauvage, M., Vigroux, L., and Bosma, A.: 2001a, Astron. Astrophys. 372, 427.
Roussel, H., Sauvage, M., Vigroux, L., Bosma, A., Bonoli, C., Gallais, P., et al.: 2001b, Astron. Astrophys. 372, 406.
Roussel, H., Vigroux, L., Bosma, A., Sauvage, M., Bonoli, C., Gallais, P., et al.: 2001c, Astron. Astrophys. 369, 473.
Sauvage, M., Blommaert, J., Boulanger, F., Cesarsky, C. J., Cesarsky, D. A., Desert, F. X., et al.: 1996, Astron. Astrophys. 315, L89.
Sauvage, M., et al.: 2006, in preparation.
Schmidtobreick, L., Haas, M., and Lemke, D.: 2000, Astron. Astrophys. 363, 917.
Siebenmorgen, R., Krügel, E., and Chini, R.: 1999, Astron. Astrophys. 351, 495.
Silva, L., Granato, G. L., Bressan, A., and Danese, L.: 1998, Astrophys. J. 509, 103.
Smith, B. J.: 1998, Astrophys. J. 500, 181.
Smith, B. J. and Madden, S. C.: 1997, Astron. J. 114, 138.
Soifer, B. T. and Neugebauer, G.: 1991, Astron. J. 101, 354.
Stacey, G. J., Geis, N., Genzel, R., Lugten, J. B., Poglitsch, A., et al.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 373, 423.
Stacey, G. J., Swain, M. R., Bradford, C. M., et al.: 1999, in: Proceedings of the Conference “The Universe as seen by ISO”, 1998, ESA SP-427, p. 973.
Stickel, M., Bregman, J. N., Fabian, A. C., White, D. A., and Elmegreen, D. M.: 2003, Astron. Astrophys. 397, 503.
Stickel, M., Lemke, D., Klaas, U., Beichman, C. A., Rowan-Robinson, M., et al.: 2000, Astron. Astrophys. 359, 865.
Stickel, M., Lemke, D., Klaas, U., Krause, O., and Egner, S.: 2004, Astron. Astrophys. 422, 39.
Swaters, R. A., Sancisi, R., and van der Hulst, J. M.: 1997, Astrophys. J. 491, 140.
Temi, P., Brighenti, F., Mathews, W. G., and Bregman, J.: 2004, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 151, 237.
Trewhella, M., Davies, J. I., Alton, P. B., Bianchi, S., and Madore, B. F.: 2000, Astrophys. J. 543, 153.
Tuffs, R. J., Lemke, D., Xu, C., et al.: 1996, Astron. Astrophys. 315, L149.
Tuffs, R. J. and Gabriel, C.: 2003, Astron. Astrophys. 410, 1075.
Tuffs, R. J. and Popescu, C. C.: 2003, in: Gry, C., et al. (eds.), “Exploiting the ISO Data Archive. Infrared Astronomy in the Internet Age”, Siguenza, Spain 24–27 June, 2002, ESA SP-511, p. 239.
Tuffs, R. J., Popescu, C. C., Pierini, D., Völk, H. J., Hippelein, H., et al.: 2002a, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 139, 37.
Tuffs, R. J., Popescu, C. C., Pierini, D., Völk, H. J., Hippelein, H., et al.: 2002b, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 140, 609.
Tuffs, R. J., Popescu, C. C., Völk, H. J., Kylafis, N. D., and Dopita, M. A.: 2004, Astron. Astrophys. 419, 821.
Uchida, K. I., Sellgren, K., Werner, M. W., and Houdashelt, M. L.: 2000, Astrophys. J. 530, 817.
Valentijn, E. A. and van der Werf, P. P.: 1999a, in: Cox, P., and Kessler, M. F. (eds.), Proceedings of the Conference “The Universe as seen by ISO”, ESA-SP 427, p. 821.
Valentijn, E. A. and van der Werf, P. P.: 1999b, Astrophys. J. 522, L29.
Valentijn, E. A., van der Werf, P. P., de Graauw, Th., and de Jong, T.: 1996, Astron. Astrophys. 315, L145.
van Dishoeck, E. F.: 2004, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 42, 119.
Völk, H. J. and Xu, C.: 1994, Infrared Phys. Technol. 35, 527.
Vogler, A., Madden, S. C., Beck, R., Sauvage, M., Vigroux, L., and Ehle, M.: 2005, 441, 491.
Walsh, W., Beck, R., Thuma, G., et al.: 2002, Astron. Astrophys. 388, 7.
Wilke, K., Klaas, U., Lemke, D., Mattila, K., Stickel, M., et al.: 2004, Astron. Astrophys. 414, 69.
Wilke, K., Stickel, M., Haas, M., Herbstmeier, U., Klaas, U., et al.: 2003, Astron. Astrophys. 401, 873.
Wunderlich, E. and Klein, U.: 1988, Astron. Astrophys. 206, 47.
Wunderlich, E., Wielebinski, R., and Klein, U.: 1987, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 69, 487.
Xilouris, E. M., Madden, S. C., Galliano, F., Vigroux, L., and Sauvage, M.: 2004, Astron. Astrophys. 416, 41.
Xu, C. and Buat, V.: 1995, Astron. Astrophys. 293, L65.
Young, L. M. and Lo, K. Y.: 1997, Astrophys. J. 476, 131.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sauvage, M., Tuffs, R.J. & Popescu, C.C. Normal Nearby Galaxies. Space Sci Rev 119, 313–353 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-005-8071-0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-005-8071-0