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Two Populations of Sunspot Groups and Their Meridional Motions

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Abstract

It is shown that the average meridional velocities of sunspot groups linearly depend on their average longitudinal velocities (solar rotation) with a high correlation coefficient of -0.95. The relationship differs for small, short-lived and large, long-lived groups. The meridional motions of sunspots do not have any pronounced global distribution law with latitude, but depend on their individual longitudinal velocities in a rotating coordinate system close to the Carrington one. The found relations indicate that the Coriolis force may play a role in driving the meridional motions of sunspot groups.

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The authors thank the anonymous reviewer for valuable comments that contributed to the expansion and improvement of the article.

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  1. Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

    Yury Nagovitsyn & Aleksandra Osipova

  2. State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Yury Nagovitsyn

  3. National Solar Observatory, 3665 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA

    Alexei Pevtsov

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Nagovitsyn, Y., Pevtsov, A. & Osipova, A. Two Populations of Sunspot Groups and Their Meridional Motions. Sol Phys 298, 108 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-023-02204-8

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