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First Analysis of Ground-Level Enhancement (GLE) 72 on 10 September 2017: Spectral and Anisotropy Characteristics

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Abstract

Using data obtained with neutron monitors and space-borne instruments, we analyzed the second ground-level enhancement (GLE) of Solar Cycle 24, namely the event of 10 September 2017 (GLE 72), and derived the spectral and angular characteristics of associated GLE particles. We employed a new neutron-monitor yield function and a recently proposed model based on an optimization procedure. The method consists of simulating particle propagation in a model magnetosphere in order to derive the cutoff rigidity and neutron-monitor asymptotic directions. Subsequently, the rigidity spectrum and anisotropy of GLE particles are obtained in their dynamical evolution during the event on the basis of an inverse-problem solution. The derived angular distribution and spectra are discussed briefly.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Academy of Finland (project No. 272157, Center of Excellence ReSoLVE and project No. 267186). Operation of the DOMC/DOMB NM was possible due to support of the French–Italian Concordia Station (IPEV program n903 and PNRA Project LTCPAA PNRA14 00091), projects CRIPA and CRIPA-X No. 304435 and Finnish Antarctic Research Program (FINNARP). We acknowledge NMDB and all of the colleagues and PIs from the neutron monitor stations who kindly provided the data used in this analysis, namely Alma Ata, Apatity, Athens, Baksan, Dome C, Dourbes, Forth Smith, Inuvik, Irkutsk, Jang Bogo, Jungfraujoch, Kerguelen, Lomnicky Štit, Magadan, Mawson, Mexico City, Moscow, Nain, Newark, Oulu, Peawanuck, Potchefstroom, Rome, South Pole, Terre Adelie, Thule, Tixie.

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  1. Space Climate Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    A. Mishev & I. Usoskin

  2. Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (Oulu unit), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    A. Mishev, I. Usoskin & L. Kocharov

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

    O. Raukunen, M. Paassilta, E. Valtonen & R. Vainio

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  1. A. Mishev
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Mishev, A., Usoskin, I., Raukunen, O. et al. First Analysis of Ground-Level Enhancement (GLE) 72 on 10 September 2017: Spectral and Anisotropy Characteristics. Sol Phys 293, 136 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-018-1354-x

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