Abstract
The behavior of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in a shock – magnetic cloud interacting complex structure observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft on 5 November 2001 is analyzed. A strong shock causing magnetic field strength and solar wind speed increases of about 41 nT and 300 km s−1, respectively, propagated within a preceding magnetic cloud (MC). It is found that an extraordinary SEP enhancement appeared at the high-energy (≥10 MeV) proton intensities and extended over and only over the entire period of the shock – MC structure passing through the spacecraft. Such SEP behavior is much different from the usual picture that the SEPs are depressed in MCs. The comparison of this event with other top SEP events of solar cycle 23 (2000 Bastille Day and 2003 Halloween events) shows that such an enhancement resulted from the effects of the shock – MC complex structure leading to the highest ≥10 MeV proton intensity of solar cycle 23. Our analysis suggests that the relatively isolated magnetic field configuration of MCs combined with an embedded strong shock could significantly enhance the SEP intensity; SEPs are accelerated by the shock and confined into the MC. Further, we find that the SEP enhancement at lower energies happened not only within the shock – MC structure but also after it, probably owing to the presence of a following MC-like structure. This is consistent with the picture that SEP fluxes could be enhanced in the magnetic topology between two MCs, which was proposed based on numerical simulations by Kallenrode and Cliver (Proc. 27th ICRC 8, 3318, 2001b).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bieber, J.W., Matthaeus, W.H., Shalchi, A., Qin, G.: 2004, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L10805.
Brueckner, G.E., Howard, R.A., Koomen, M.J., Korendyke, C.M., Michels, D.J., Moses, J.D., et al.: 1995, Solar Phys. 162, 357.
Burlaga, L.F., Plunkett, S.P., St. Cyr, O.C.: 2002, J. Geophys. Res. A 107(10), 1266.
Burlaga, L., Sittler, E., Mariani, F., Schwenn, R.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 6673.
Burlaga, L.F., Skoug, R.M., Smith, C.W., Webb, D.F., Zurbuchen, T.H., Reinard, A.: 2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 20957.
Cane, H.V., Lario, D.: 2006, Space Sci. Rev. 123, 45.
Giacalone, J., Jokipii, J.R.: 1999, Astrophys. J. 520, 204.
Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Krucker, S., Stenborg, G., Howard, R.A.: 2004, J. Geophys. Res. 109, A12105.
Jokipii, J.R., Kóta, J., Giacalone, J., Horbury, T.S., Smith, E.J.: 1995, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 3385.
Kahler, S.W.: 2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 20947.
Kahler, S.W.: 2004, Astrophys. J. 603, 330.
Kahler, S.W., Vourlidas, A.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A12S01.
Kallenrode M.B.: 2001, Proc. 27th ICRC 8, 3273.
Kallenrode M.B., Cliver E.W.: 2001a, Proc. 27th ICRC 8, 3314.
Kallenrode M.B., Cliver E.W.: 2001b, Proc. 27th ICRC 8, 3318.
Lario, D.: 2005, Adv. Space Res. 36, 2279.
Lario, D., Decker, R.B.: 2002, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 31.
Larson, D.E., Lin, R.P., McTiernan, J.M., McFadden, J.P., Ergun, R.E., McCarthy, M., et al.: 1997, Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 1911.
Lepping, R.P., Berdichevsky, D.B., Burlaga, L.F., Lazarus, A.J., Kasper, J., Desch, M.D., et al.: 2001, Solar Phys. 204, 285.
McComas, D.J., Bame, S.J., Barker, P., Feldman, W.C., Phillips, J.L., Riley, P., Griffee, J.W.: 1998, Space Sci. Rev. 86, 563.
Reames D.V.: 1997, In: Crooker, N., Joselyn, J.A., Feynmann, J. (eds.) Coronal Mass Ejections, AGU Geophys. Monograph 99, 217.
Reames, D.V.: 1999, Space Sci. Rev. 90, 413.
Reames D.V.: 2000, In: Dingus, B.L., Kieda, D.B., Salamon, M.H. (eds.) Proc. 26th ICRC, AIP Conf. Proc. 516, 289.
Reames, D.V.: 2002, Astrophys. J. 571, L63.
Richardson, I.G.: 1997, In: Crooker, N., Joselyn, J.A., Feynmann, J. (eds.) Coronal Mass Ejections, AGU Geophys. Monograph 99, 189.
Richardson, I.G., Cane, H.V.: 1996, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 27521.
Shen, C.l., Wang, Y.M., Ye, P.Z., Wang, S.: 2006, Astrophys. J. 639, 510.
Shen, C., Wang, Y., Ye, P., Zhao, X.P., Gui, B., Wang, S.: 2007, Astrophys. J. 670, 849.
Skoug, R.M., Gosling, J.T., Steinberg, J.T., McComas, D.J., Smith, C.W., Ness, N.F., Hu, Q., Burlaga, L.F.: 2004, J. Geophys. Res. 109, 9102.
Wang, Y.M., Ye, P.Z., Wang, S.: 2002, Solar Phys. 211, 333.
Wang, Y.M., Ye, P.Z., Wang, S.: 2003, J. Geophys. Res. A 108(10), 1370.
Wang, Y.M., Ye, P.Z., Wang, S., Xue, X.H.: 2003a, Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 33.
Wang, Y.M., Ye, P.Z., Wang, S., Xiong, M.: 2003b, Solar Phys. 216, 295.
Wang, Y., Ye, P., Zhou, G., Wang, S., Wang, S., Yan, Y., Wang, J.: 2005, Solar Phys. 226, 337.
Xiong, M., Zheng, H., Wang, Y., Wang, S.: 2006a, J. Geophys. Res. 111, A08105.
Xiong, M., Zheng, H., Wang, Y., Wang, S.: 2006b, J. Geophys. Res. 111, A11102.
Zank, G.P., Li, G., Florinski, V., Matthaeus, W.H., Webb, G.M., le Roux, J.A.: 2004, J. Geophys. Res. 109, A04107.
Zhang, J., Richardson, I.G., Webb, D.F., Gopalswamy, N., Huttunen, E., Kasper, J.C., et al.: 2007, J. Geophys. Res. A 112, A10102.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shen, C., Wang, Y., Ye, P. et al. Enhancement of Solar Energetic Particles During a Shock – Magnetic Cloud Interacting Complex Structure. Sol Phys 252, 409–418 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-008-9268-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-008-9268-7