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The Effect of Cultural Capital on High School Dropout: An Investigation in the Italian Provinces

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Abstract

This article studies at a detailed geographical level the relation between cultural capital and high school dropout. Bronfenbrenner’s systemic theory and Heckman’s perspective on cognitive/non-cognitive skills are considered as theoretical framework. We analyzed data from 103 Italian provinces employing Covariance Structure Analysis and spatial indices of autocorrelation. We found a consistent protective effect of cultural capital on dropout, independently of economic performance, in Central and Southern provinces, but not in Northern provinces. Spatial analyses showed very heterogeneous patterns of autocorrelation for dropout (especially across Southern provinces) even between neighboring areas, in spite of a more compact clustering when considering cultural and economic indicators. These results indicate that living in an environment with animated cultural life might enhance students’ non-cognitive skills, thus fostering their involvement in formative activities and the development of their human capital.

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Notes

  1. In general, the indicators proposed by Il Sole 24 Ore might vary across different years.

  2. The reader can also find KML files showing Google Earth maps at: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/51118288/kml_dropout.zip.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Anna Maria Ajello, John Eric Humphries, Jay Kaufman, Piergiorgio Lovaglio, Edward Melhuish, Nadia Solaro, and Dario Varin for their comments and insights on a preliminary version of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico [IRCCS], Milan, Italy

    Enrico Ripamonti

  2. Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Stefano Barberis

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  1. Enrico Ripamonti
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Correspondence to Enrico Ripamonti.

Appendix

Appendix

In this section we describe in detail the source of the data used in the paper, i.e., the research on the quality of life in Italy, published on a yearly basis by the Il Sole 24 Ore. This study has been conducted since 1988 and is organized in 6 sections (each of which is composed by 6 sub-sections): (i) economic well-being; (ii) business and employment; (iii) demographics; (iv) law and public order; (v) services, health and environment; (vi) free time. The ranking is obtained using the following method: firstly, for each dimension, it is provided a partial score and provinces are ranked according to this score; secondly, a global score is obtained by averaging the 6 partial scores. The last edition of the booklet is available at the link: http://www.ilsole24ore.com/speciali/qvita_2016_dati/home.shtml as well as the 1990–2015 editions in e-book format. Since 2003, along with the classical ranking, Il Sole 24 Ore has also realized a survey on a representative sample of Italian citizens using sentiment analysis, i.e., asking subject to estimate the perception of their own well-being. Participants can rate their opinion on several aspects of their city, such as health, economy, welfare, and environment, and they can also express their preference on another city in which they would like to live. Data from this survey have not been used in this paper. We also remark that the economic indicators inserted in the database have been taken from data developed by the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT). In Table 3 we show all the indicators currently used in this research. Further information on this dataset can be found in Lun et al. (2006).

Table 3 Indicators used in the research on the quality of life published on a yearly basis by Il sole 24 ore
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Ripamonti, E., Barberis, S. The Effect of Cultural Capital on High School Dropout: An Investigation in the Italian Provinces. Soc Indic Res 139, 1257–1279 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1754-6

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