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A New Look at Inequality: Introducing and Testing a Cross-Sectional Equality Measurement Framework in New York City

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Abstract

Inequality is a characteristic of societies worldwide, and many groups face disparities across a range of domains from economy to health to justice. While inequality is a complex problem in which many of these domains are interconnected, most research examines only one area, or at most the effect of one area on another. This paper details an innovative approach to studying inequality using an indicators methodology. The Equality Indicators are comprised of 96 measures of inequality and how it changes annually across six themes: Economy, Education, Health, Housing, Justice, and Services. It compares the experiences of those most likely to be adversely affected by inequalities to those of less disadvantaged groups. Here, we detail the development of the tool, its structure, data sources, and scoring system, followed by baseline findings from New York City, where we combined administrative and secondary public survey data with the data from a new public survey conducted for this study. We found substantial inequalities across all six themes, although they were most pronounced in Health and Justice. While we are not able to make direct comparisons of indicators in a given year, the intention of the tool is to track change over time; in future years we will be able to compare change or lack thereof across indicators and domains. The current findings across areas, however, suggest that New York City is characterized by vast inequalities, where disadvantaged groups are twice as likely as others to experience negative outcomes in fundamental areas of life.

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Notes

  1. Experts were generally supportive of the framework and the purposes underlying its creation, as well as the themes and groups identified as being affected by inequality. However, some experts expressed concern about the size of the initial framework (which included 180–240 indicators), and some initial concepts. As a result the tool was shortened and the framework restructured. Although there was no consensus about the scoring methodology, most experts viewed scoring as an important step for aggregating information at the topic and theme levels.

  2. At the first meeting, we introduced the framework and solicited feedback on the working definition of equality, themes, and groups affected by inequality. At the second meeting, attendees broke into six groups by theme. Within these groups they provided feedback on topics and suggested potential indicators to include within each topic. At the final of the three meetings, we presented the changes that had been made based on the feedback from the first two meetings and received one final round of feedback.

  3. Among other methods of aggregation, using standard deviations was also considered. However, this would have required obtaining raw data for all 96 indicators which is neither possible in all cases nor practical in terms of the cost of gathering that information over time.

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  1. CUNY Institute for State and Local Governance, 10 E. 34th St., 5th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Besiki L. Kutateladze & Victoria Z. Lawson

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  1. Besiki L. Kutateladze
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  2. Victoria Z. Lawson
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Correspondence to Victoria Z. Lawson.

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Kutateladze, B.L., Lawson, V.Z. A New Look at Inequality: Introducing and Testing a Cross-Sectional Equality Measurement Framework in New York City. Soc Indic Res 132, 993–1022 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1325-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1325-2

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