Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Characteristics of Sexual Abuse in a Sample of Turkish Children With and Without Mental Retardation, Referred for Legal Appraisal of the Psychological Repercussions

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Sexuality and Disability Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Between having mental retardation (MR) and typically growing (TG) sexually abused children, we aimed to explore the differential features in terms of sexual abuse history and psychiatric consequences. The 7–16 year-old age and sex matched children (MR, n:20; TG, n:20) who were sexually abused between January 2005 and February 2009 were included. Mental capacity was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). A comprehensive physical examination and where indicated anal-vaginal examination were conducted by a forensic medicine specialist in all children. A child psychiatry specialist investigated the abuse history. Compared to the TG group, significantly more children in the MR group were exposed to vaginal penetration, had more positive signs during anal-vaginal examination, and more were abused by relatives. Among all children who were sexually abused, compared to the typically growing children, children with MR were abused in more violent ways and more by their relatives.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References:

  1. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington (2000). (Text Revision)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Baladerian, N. J.:Overview of abuse of people with developmental disabilities. Paper presented at the AAMR conference, Orange County, CA (1985)

  3. Baladerian, N.: Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities. Sex. Disabil. 9(4), 323–335 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Balogh, R., Bretherton, K., Whibley, S., Berney, T., Graham, S., Richold, P., Worsley, C., Firth, H.: Sexual abuse in children and adolescents with intellectual disability. J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. 45(3), 194–201 (2001)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Beitchman, J.H., Zucker, K.J., Hood, J.E., da Costa, G.A., Akman, D., Cassavia, E.: A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl. 16(1), 101–118 (1992). (Review)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Chamberlain, A., Rauh, J., Passer, A., McGrath, M., Burket, R.: Issues of fertility control for mentally retarded adolescents: I Sexual activity, sexual abuse, and contraception. Pediatrics 74(4), 445–450 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cole, S.S.: Facing the challenges of sexual abuse in persons with disabilities. In: Marinelli, R.P., Orto, A.E. (eds.) The psychological and social impact of disability, pp. 223–235. Springer, New York (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Davis, A.L.:People with mental retardation and sexual abuse. 1––3. Available from: http://disability-abuse.com/cando/documents/ABUSEQ&A.rtf (1997)

  9. Denno, D.W.: Sexuality, rape and mental retardation. University of Illionis Law Review. 720, 315–434 (1997)

  10. Eastgate, G.: Sex, consent and intellectual disability. Aust Fam Physician. Review. 34(3), 163–6 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Elvik, S.L., Berkowitz, C.D., Nicholas, E., Lipman, J.L., Inkelis, S.H.: Sexual abuse in the developmentally disabled: dilemmas of diagnosis. Child Abuse Negl. 14(4), 497–502 (1990)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Furey, E.M.: Sexual abuse of adults with mental retardation: Who and where. Ment. Retard. 32(3), 173–180 (1994)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hard, S.: Sexual abuse of the developmentally disabled: A case study. Paper presented at national conference of executives of associations for retarded citizens, Omaha, NE (1986)

  14. Johnson, C.F.: Child sexual abuse. Lancet. 462–470. Review. (2004)

  15. Leserman, J.: Sexual abuse history: prevalence, health effects, mediators, and psychological treatment. Psychosom Med. 906–915 Review (2005)

  16. Leventhal, J.M.: Epidemiology of sexual abuse of children: old problems, new directions. Child Abuse Negl. 22(6), 481–491 (1998)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Levy, H., Packman, W.: Sexual abuse prevention for individuals with mental retardation: considerations for genetic counselors. J. Genet. Couns. 13(3), 189–205 (2004)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. McClellan, J., Adams, J., Douglas, D., McCurry, C., Storck, M.: Clinical characteristics related to severity of sexual abuse: a study of seriously mentally ill youth. Child Abuse Negl. 19(10), 1245–1254 (1995)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Meisel, A., Roth, L.H., Lidz, C.W.: Toward a model of the legal doctrine of informed consent. Am. J. Psychiatry 134, 285–288 (1977)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Molnar, B.E., Buka, S.L., Kessler, R.C.: Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: results from the national comorbidity survey. Am. J. Public Health 91, 753–760 (2001)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Morano, J.P.: Sexual abuse of mentally retarded patients: medical and legal analysis fort he primary care physician. Prim. Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry 3(3), 126–135 (2001)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Olkin, R.: What psychotherapists should know about disability. Guilford, New York (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Pincus, S.: Sexuality in the mentally retarded patient. Am. Fam. Phys. 37, 319–323 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Popper, C., West, S.A.: Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. In: Hales, R.E., Yudofsky, S.C., Talbott, J.A. (eds.) The American psychiatric press textbook of psychiatry, 3rd edn, pp. 884–887. American Psychiatric Pres, Washington (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Putnam, F.W.: Ten year research update review: child sexual abuse. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 42(3), 269–278 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Rainey, D.Y., Stevens-Simon, C., Kaplan, D.W.: Are adolescents who report prior sexual abuse at higher risk for pregnancy? Child Abuse Negl. 19(10), 1283–1288 (1995)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Reiter, S., Bryen, D.N., Shachar, I.: Adolescents with intellectual disabilities as victims of abuse. J. Intellect. Disabil. 11(4), 371–387 (2007)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Reyerson, E.: Sexual abuse and self-protection education for developmentally delayed youth: a priority need. Sex Inf. Educ. Counc. US (SIECUS) Rep. 13(1), 6–7 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Reynolds, L.: People with mental retardation & sexual abuse. #101–56. from http://www.thearc.org/faqs/sexabuse.html (1997). Retrieved December 2, 2002

  30. Savaşır, I., Şahin, N.: Wechsler Çocuklar ‹çin Zekâ Ölçeği (WISC-R) El Kitabı. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları, Ankara (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Schor, D.P.: Sex and sexual abuse in developmentally disabled adolescents. Semin. Adolesc. Med. 3(1), 1–7 (1987)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Seidman, R.R.: The memory of female witnesses with mild mental retardation: Implications for reports of sexual abuse. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago (2000)

  33. Sobsey, D., Mansell, S.: The prevention of sexual abuse and assault. Sexual exploitation of people with disabilities [Special Issue]. Sex. Disabil. 9, 243–259 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Sobsey, D., Doe, T.: Patterns of sexual abuse and assault. Sex. Disabil. 9, 243–259 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Sorenson, S.B., Siegel, J.M., Golding, J.M., Stein, J.A.: Repeated sexual victimization. Violence Vict. 6(4), 299–308 (1991)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Stromness, M.M.: Sexually abused women with mental retardation: hidden victims, absent resources. Women Ther. 14, 139–152 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Szymanski, L.S., Tanguay, P.S. (eds.): Emotional disorders of mentally retarded persons. University Park Press, Baltimore (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Tharinger, D., Burrows Horton, C., Millea, S.: Sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adults with mental retardation and other handicaps. Child Abuse Negl. 14, 301–312 (1990)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Trickett, P.K., Noll, J.G., Reiffman, A., Putnam, F.W.: Variants of intrafamilial sexual abuse experience: implications for short- and long-term development. Dev. Psychopathol. 13(4), 1001–1019 (2001)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Webster Rudmin, F., Ferrada-Noli, M., Skolbekken, J.A.: Questions of culture, age and gender in the epidemiology of suicide. Scand. J. Psychol. 44(4), 373–381 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Wechsler, D.: Manual for the Wechsler ıntelligence scale for children. Psychological Corporation, New York (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Wechsler, D.: WISC-R Manual for the Wechsler ıntelligence scale for children-revised. Psychological Corporation, New York (1974)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seher Akbaş.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Akbaş, S., Turla, A., Karabekiroğlu, K. et al. Characteristics of Sexual Abuse in a Sample of Turkish Children With and Without Mental Retardation, Referred for Legal Appraisal of the Psychological Repercussions. Sex Disabil 27, 205–213 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-009-9139-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-009-9139-7

Keywords

Navigation