Abstract
Between having mental retardation (MR) and typically growing (TG) sexually abused children, we aimed to explore the differential features in terms of sexual abuse history and psychiatric consequences. The 7–16 year-old age and sex matched children (MR, n:20; TG, n:20) who were sexually abused between January 2005 and February 2009 were included. Mental capacity was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). A comprehensive physical examination and where indicated anal-vaginal examination were conducted by a forensic medicine specialist in all children. A child psychiatry specialist investigated the abuse history. Compared to the TG group, significantly more children in the MR group were exposed to vaginal penetration, had more positive signs during anal-vaginal examination, and more were abused by relatives. Among all children who were sexually abused, compared to the typically growing children, children with MR were abused in more violent ways and more by their relatives.
Similar content being viewed by others
References:
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington (2000). (Text Revision)
Baladerian, N. J.:Overview of abuse of people with developmental disabilities. Paper presented at the AAMR conference, Orange County, CA (1985)
Baladerian, N.: Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities. Sex. Disabil. 9(4), 323–335 (1991)
Balogh, R., Bretherton, K., Whibley, S., Berney, T., Graham, S., Richold, P., Worsley, C., Firth, H.: Sexual abuse in children and adolescents with intellectual disability. J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. 45(3), 194–201 (2001)
Beitchman, J.H., Zucker, K.J., Hood, J.E., da Costa, G.A., Akman, D., Cassavia, E.: A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl. 16(1), 101–118 (1992). (Review)
Chamberlain, A., Rauh, J., Passer, A., McGrath, M., Burket, R.: Issues of fertility control for mentally retarded adolescents: I Sexual activity, sexual abuse, and contraception. Pediatrics 74(4), 445–450 (1984)
Cole, S.S.: Facing the challenges of sexual abuse in persons with disabilities. In: Marinelli, R.P., Orto, A.E. (eds.) The psychological and social impact of disability, pp. 223–235. Springer, New York (1991)
Davis, A.L.:People with mental retardation and sexual abuse. 1––3. Available from: http://disability-abuse.com/cando/documents/ABUSEQ&A.rtf (1997)
Denno, D.W.: Sexuality, rape and mental retardation. University of Illionis Law Review. 720, 315–434 (1997)
Eastgate, G.: Sex, consent and intellectual disability. Aust Fam Physician. Review. 34(3), 163–6 (2005)
Elvik, S.L., Berkowitz, C.D., Nicholas, E., Lipman, J.L., Inkelis, S.H.: Sexual abuse in the developmentally disabled: dilemmas of diagnosis. Child Abuse Negl. 14(4), 497–502 (1990)
Furey, E.M.: Sexual abuse of adults with mental retardation: Who and where. Ment. Retard. 32(3), 173–180 (1994)
Hard, S.: Sexual abuse of the developmentally disabled: A case study. Paper presented at national conference of executives of associations for retarded citizens, Omaha, NE (1986)
Johnson, C.F.: Child sexual abuse. Lancet. 462–470. Review. (2004)
Leserman, J.: Sexual abuse history: prevalence, health effects, mediators, and psychological treatment. Psychosom Med. 906–915 Review (2005)
Leventhal, J.M.: Epidemiology of sexual abuse of children: old problems, new directions. Child Abuse Negl. 22(6), 481–491 (1998)
Levy, H., Packman, W.: Sexual abuse prevention for individuals with mental retardation: considerations for genetic counselors. J. Genet. Couns. 13(3), 189–205 (2004)
McClellan, J., Adams, J., Douglas, D., McCurry, C., Storck, M.: Clinical characteristics related to severity of sexual abuse: a study of seriously mentally ill youth. Child Abuse Negl. 19(10), 1245–1254 (1995)
Meisel, A., Roth, L.H., Lidz, C.W.: Toward a model of the legal doctrine of informed consent. Am. J. Psychiatry 134, 285–288 (1977)
Molnar, B.E., Buka, S.L., Kessler, R.C.: Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: results from the national comorbidity survey. Am. J. Public Health 91, 753–760 (2001)
Morano, J.P.: Sexual abuse of mentally retarded patients: medical and legal analysis fort he primary care physician. Prim. Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry 3(3), 126–135 (2001)
Olkin, R.: What psychotherapists should know about disability. Guilford, New York (1999)
Pincus, S.: Sexuality in the mentally retarded patient. Am. Fam. Phys. 37, 319–323 (1988)
Popper, C., West, S.A.: Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. In: Hales, R.E., Yudofsky, S.C., Talbott, J.A. (eds.) The American psychiatric press textbook of psychiatry, 3rd edn, pp. 884–887. American Psychiatric Pres, Washington (1999)
Putnam, F.W.: Ten year research update review: child sexual abuse. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 42(3), 269–278 (2003)
Rainey, D.Y., Stevens-Simon, C., Kaplan, D.W.: Are adolescents who report prior sexual abuse at higher risk for pregnancy? Child Abuse Negl. 19(10), 1283–1288 (1995)
Reiter, S., Bryen, D.N., Shachar, I.: Adolescents with intellectual disabilities as victims of abuse. J. Intellect. Disabil. 11(4), 371–387 (2007)
Reyerson, E.: Sexual abuse and self-protection education for developmentally delayed youth: a priority need. Sex Inf. Educ. Counc. US (SIECUS) Rep. 13(1), 6–7 (1984)
Reynolds, L.: People with mental retardation & sexual abuse. #101–56. from http://www.thearc.org/faqs/sexabuse.html (1997). Retrieved December 2, 2002
Savaşır, I., Şahin, N.: Wechsler Çocuklar ‹çin Zekâ Ölçeği (WISC-R) El Kitabı. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları, Ankara (1995)
Schor, D.P.: Sex and sexual abuse in developmentally disabled adolescents. Semin. Adolesc. Med. 3(1), 1–7 (1987)
Seidman, R.R.: The memory of female witnesses with mild mental retardation: Implications for reports of sexual abuse. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago (2000)
Sobsey, D., Mansell, S.: The prevention of sexual abuse and assault. Sexual exploitation of people with disabilities [Special Issue]. Sex. Disabil. 9, 243–259 (1990)
Sobsey, D., Doe, T.: Patterns of sexual abuse and assault. Sex. Disabil. 9, 243–259 (1991)
Sorenson, S.B., Siegel, J.M., Golding, J.M., Stein, J.A.: Repeated sexual victimization. Violence Vict. 6(4), 299–308 (1991)
Stromness, M.M.: Sexually abused women with mental retardation: hidden victims, absent resources. Women Ther. 14, 139–152 (1993)
Szymanski, L.S., Tanguay, P.S. (eds.): Emotional disorders of mentally retarded persons. University Park Press, Baltimore (1980)
Tharinger, D., Burrows Horton, C., Millea, S.: Sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adults with mental retardation and other handicaps. Child Abuse Negl. 14, 301–312 (1990)
Trickett, P.K., Noll, J.G., Reiffman, A., Putnam, F.W.: Variants of intrafamilial sexual abuse experience: implications for short- and long-term development. Dev. Psychopathol. 13(4), 1001–1019 (2001)
Webster Rudmin, F., Ferrada-Noli, M., Skolbekken, J.A.: Questions of culture, age and gender in the epidemiology of suicide. Scand. J. Psychol. 44(4), 373–381 (2003)
Wechsler, D.: Manual for the Wechsler ıntelligence scale for children. Psychological Corporation, New York (1949)
Wechsler, D.: WISC-R Manual for the Wechsler ıntelligence scale for children-revised. Psychological Corporation, New York (1974)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Akbaş, S., Turla, A., Karabekiroğlu, K. et al. Characteristics of Sexual Abuse in a Sample of Turkish Children With and Without Mental Retardation, Referred for Legal Appraisal of the Psychological Repercussions. Sex Disabil 27, 205–213 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-009-9139-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-009-9139-7