Abstract
We studied the effects of different combinations of temperature (5, 10, 14, 17, 20, and 22°C) and salinity (from 32 to 8‰) on the development of the starfish Asterias amurensis Lutken from Vostok Bay, Sea of Japan. Embryonic development is the most vulnerable stage; it passes successfully at 10–17°C and the salinity range of 32 to 26‰. Blastulae are the most tolerant of changing environmental factors. They survive and develop at the temperatures of 5–17°C and in the salinity range of 32–18‰. Gastrulae and bipinnariae survive under higher temperature values and salinity from 32 to 20‰. The tolerance for decreased salinity during the process of fertilization and in the latest stage of development, the brachiolaria with the developing juvenile starfish, was confined to the salinity range of 32–22‰, which agrees with the tolerance of adult starfish Asterias amurensis. Thus, for normal development of the Amur starfish in the early stages, some particular conditions of temperature and salinity are required. This is, probably, due to adaptive capabilities of each developmental stage and the peculiarities of the ecological conditions at particular depths.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Baranova, Z.I., Phylum Echinoderms (Echinodermata), Zhivotnye i rasteniya saliva Petra Velikogo (Animals and Plants of Peter the Great Bay), Leningrad: Nauka, 1976, pp. 114–120.
Biryulina, M.G., Starfish of Peter the Great Bay and Their Effects on the Density of Commercially Important Invertebrates, Voprosy gidrobiologii nekotorykh raionov Tikhogo okeana (Problems of Hydrobiology in Some Areas of the Pacific), Vladivostok: DVNTS AN SSSR, 1972, pp. 42–51.
Gabaev, D.D., Settlement of Larvae of Bivalve Mollusks and Starfish on Collectors in Pos'eta Bay (Sea of Japan), Biol. Morya, 1981, no. 4, pp. 59–65.
Gabaev, D.D., Biology of Starfish Settling on Collectors and Some Methods of Their Control, Issledovaniya iglokozhikh dal'nevostochnykh morei (Studies of Echinoderms of Far-Eastern Seas), Vladivostok: DVO AN SSSR, 1987, pp. 36–55.
Gorchakov, I.A., Osobennosti biologii morskikh zvezd Asteria rubens L. Belogo i Barentseva morei (Peculiarities of the Biology of Starfish Asterias rubens L. in the White and Barents Seas), Petrozavodsk: Petrozavodsk State University, 2000.
D'yakonov, A.M., Morskie zvezdy morei SSSR (Starfish of the seas of USSR), Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo AN SSSR, 1950.
D'yakonov, A.M., Echinoderms (Echinodermata), Except Holothurians, Collected by the Kuril-Sakhalin Expedition in 1947–1949, Issledovaniya dal'nevostochnykh morei SSSR (Investigations of the Far-Eastern Seas of USSR), Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo AN SSSR, 1958, issue 5, pp. 271–357.
Kas'yanov, V.L., Larvae of Starfish: Morphology, Physiology and Behavior, Biol. Morya, 1984, no. 1, pp. 3–13.
Kas'yanov, V.L., Kryuchkova, G.A., Kulikova, V.A., and Medvedeva, L.A., Lichinki morskikh dvustvorchatykh mollyuskov i iglokozhikh (Larvae of Marine Bivalve Mollusks and Echinoderms), Moscow: Nauka, 1983.
Kas'yanov, V.L., Medvedeva, L.A., Yakovlev, S.N., and Yakovlev, Yu.M., Razmnozhenie i razvitie iglokozhikh i dvustvorchatykh mollyuskov (Reproduction and Development in Echinoderms and Bivalve Mollusks), Moscow: Nauka, 1980.
Kashenko, S.D., Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Development of Far-Eastern Sea Cucumber, Biol. Morya, 1992, nos. 3–4, pp. 43–52.
Kashenko, S.D., Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Early Development of Far-Eastern Sea Cucumber Stichopus japonicus, Biol. Morya, 1998, vol. 24, no.2, pp. 103–107.
Kashenko, S.D., Mutual Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Development of the Holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix, Biol. Morya, 2000, vol. 26, no.3, pp. 182–187.
Kashenko, S.D., Responses of the Starfish Asterias amurensis and Patiria pectinifera (Asteroidea) from Vostok Bay (Sea of Japan) for Decreased Salinity, Biol. Morya, 2003, vol. 29, no.2, pp. 127–131.
Kashenko, S.D., Development of the Starfish Asterias amurensis Under Laboratory Conditions, Biol. Morya, 2005, vol. 31, no.1, pp. 45–50.
Mikulich, L.V. and Biryulina, M.G., Regeneration in the Starfish Asterias amurensis and Effects of Some Abiotic Factors Under Conditions of Long-Term Maintenance in Aquarium, Ekologiya, 1970, no. 4, pp. 106–107.
Novikova, G.P., Gonadal Cycles of Starfish Asterias amurensis and Patiria pectinifera in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Biol. Morya, 1978, no. 6, pp. 33–40.
Rakov, V.A., Observations over Spawning Behavior in the Starfish Asterias amurensis, Issledovaniya iglokozhikh dal'nevostochnykh morei (Studies of Echinoderms of Far-Eastern Seas), Vladivostok: DVO AN SSSR, 1987, pp. 31–35.
Saranchova, O.L., Ontogenetic Changes of Adaptive Responses for Environmental Salinity in the Starfish Asterias rubens L. from the White Sea, Ekologicheskie issledovaniya donnykh organizmov Belogo morya (Ecological Studies of Bottom Organisms from the White Sea), Leningrad: Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1986, pp. 42–49.
Saranchova, O.L. and Flyachinskaya, L.P., Effects of Environmental Salinity on Early Metamorphosis in the Mussel Mytilus edulis and Starfish Asterias amurensis from the White Sea, Biol. Morya, 2001, vol. 27, no.2, pp. 110–116.
Urbakh, V.Yu., Matematicheskaya statistika dlya biologov i medikov (Mathematical Statistics for Biologists and Physicians), Moscow: Izdatel'stvo AN SSSR, 1963.
Bruce, B.D., Sutton, C.A., and Lyne, V., Laboratory and Field Studies of the Larval Distribution and Duration of the Introduced Starfish Asterias amurensis With Updated and Improved Prediction of the Species Spread Based on a Larval Dispersal Model, Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, CSIRO: Australia, 1995.
Buttermore, R.E., Turner, E. and Morrice, M.G., The Introduced Northern Pacific Starfish Asterias amurensis in Tasmania, Mem. Queensland Mus., 1994, vol. 36, pp. 21–25.
Hatanaka, M. and Kosaka, M., Biological Studies on the Population of the Starfish, Asterias amurensis, in Senday, Tohoku J. Agr. Res., 1958, vol. 9, no.3, pp. 159–173.
Ino, T., Sagara, F., Hamada, S., and Tamakawa, M., On the Spawning Season of the Starfish Asterias amurensis, in Tokyo Bay, Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 1955, vol. 21, no.1, pp. 32–36.
Kim, Y.S., Histological Observations of the Annual Change in the Gonad of the Starfish, Asterias amurensis Lutken, Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ., 1968, vol. 19, no.2, pp. 97–108.
Kim, Y.S., Selective Feeding on the Several Bivalve Mollusks by Starfish, Asterias amurensis Lotken, Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ., 1969, vol. 19, no.4, pp. 244–249.
Kume, M. and Dan, K., Invertebrate embryology, Belgrade: Nolit, 1968.
Lockhart, S.J. and Ritz, D.A., Feeding Rates of the Introduced Sea Star, Asterias amurensis (Lutken), in Tasmania, Echinoderms: Proc. Ninth Intern. Echinoderm Conf., San Francisco, California, USA, 5–9 Aug. 1996. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1998, pp. 267–272.
Nojima, S., Soliman, F.E., Kondo, Y., et al., Some Notes on the Outbreak of the Sea Star, Asterias amurensis versicolor Sladen, in the Ariake Sea, Western Kyushu, Publ. Amakusa Mar. Biol. Lab. Kyushu Univ., 1986, vol. 8, no.2, pp. 89–112.
Roller, R.A. and Stickle, W.B., Effects of Salinity on Larval Tolerance and Early Developmental Rates of Four Species of Echinoderms, Can. J. Zool., 1985, vol. 63, pp. 1531–1538.
Ross, D.J., Johnson, C.R. and Hewitt, C.L., Impact of Introduced Starfish Asterias amurensis on Survivorship of Juvenile Commercial Bivalves Fulvia tenuicostata, Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 2002, vol. 241, pp. 99–112.
Sagara, J.I. and Ino, T., The Optimum Temperature and Specific Gravity for the Bipinnaria and Young of Japanese Starfish Asterias amurensis Lutken, Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 1954, vol. 20, no.8, pp. 689–693.
Tamura, T. and Fuji, A., Feeding Habit of Starfish, J. Hokkaido Fish. Exp. Stn., 1954, vol. 11, no.3, pp. 17–21.
Turner, E., A Northern Pacific Starfish, Asterias amurensis, in Tasmania, Austral. Mar. Sci. Assoc. Bull., 1992, no. 120, pp. 18–19.
Yakovlev, Yu.M., The Temperature Tolerance of Adult Sea-Stars (Asterias amurensis) in the Laboratory, 9th Int. Echinoderm Conf., Aug. 5–9, 1996: Program and Abstracts, San Francisco: California Acad. Sci.: San Francisco State Univ., 1996, p. 136.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Biologiya Morya, Kashenko.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kashenko, S.D. Responses of Embryos and Larvae of the Starfish Asterias amurensis to Changes in Temperature and Salinity. Russ J Mar Biol 31, 294–302 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11179-005-0091-9
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11179-005-0091-9