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Graphene oxide/Fe3O4/polyaniline nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of ultra-trace levels of cadmium in rice and tea samples

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Abstract

The magnetic graphene oxide–polyaniline (MGOPA) nanocomposite was synthesized through oxidative polymerization of aniline and at the presence of Fe3O4–GO. The composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The as-synthesized adsorbent was used for the extraction and preconcentration of the ultra-trace amount of cadmium, followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry detections. Different parameters, in particular sample pH, adsorbent dose, sample volume, adsorption time, eluent type, and desorption time, were investigated. The optimum conditions were pH 8, a sample volume of 40 mL, 4.0 × 10–3 g of MGOPA, and 2 mL of nitric acid solution (2.0 mol L−1) as eluent. The responses were linear in the range of 1.0 × 10–2–1.5 × 10–1 µg L−1 with a detection limit of 3.6 × 10–3 µg L−1 and a relative standard deviation of 4.2% at 5.0 × 10–2 µg L−1. Also, excellent recoveries (90–95%) were obtained with an enrichment factor of 400. Further studies showed that the adsorption of Cd(II) onto the MGOPA follows the Langmuir isotherm with the maximum adsorption capacity of 1.4 × 102 mg g−1. The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of cadmium in different tea and rice samples.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Abbreviations

EF:

Enrichment factor;

ETAAS:

Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry;

FAAS:

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry;

FT-IR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy;

GO:

Graphene oxide;

HOAc:

Acetic acid;

LOD:

Limit of detection;

MGOPA:

Magnetite graphene oxide–polyaniline;

MSPE:

Magnetic solid-phase extraction;

PANI:

Polyaniline;

RSD:

Relative standard deviation;

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy;

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction;

VSM:

Vibrating sample magnetometer;

WHO:

World health organization;

XRD:

X-ray diffraction analysis

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Ferdowsi University of Mashhad for financial support of this work.

Funding

This work was supported by the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Elias Aboobakri

  2. Department of Food Chemistry, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran

    Moslem Jahani

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  1. Elias Aboobakri
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  2. Moslem Jahani
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Correspondence to Moslem Jahani.

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Aboobakri, E., Jahani, M. Graphene oxide/Fe3O4/polyaniline nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of ultra-trace levels of cadmium in rice and tea samples. Res Chem Intermed 46, 5181–5198 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-020-04256-y

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