Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT)/Nafion-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes were used to immobilize the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The CNT-modified electrodes exhibited a sensitive and stable electrocatalytic behavior towards thiocholine (TCh). Compared to ordinary GC electrodes modified with Nafion, a substantial (500-mV) decrease in the overvoltage of the TCh oxidation reaction is observed, along with a tenfold enhancement in the amperometric response. The CNT/Nafion/AChE electrode has very good stability of at least a month compared to surfaces made without crosslinking in the absence and presence of Nafion. Under optimal loadings of CNT, Nafion, AChE, and glutaraldehyde, a solution of CNT/Nafion in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 4 mg/mL CNT and 0.01% Nafion was used to construct the electrodes in order to maximize the sensitivity of the biosensor for inhibition studies. An optimal enzyme loading of 0.137 U and crosslinking in 0.01% glutaraldehyde for 1 h was also needed to achieve this goal. The prepared electrodes had very good reproducibility to 1.0 mM acetylthiocholine (ATCh) (relative standard deviation [RSD] <5% for eight electrodes). Using paraoxon as a model pesticide, the biosensor was able to detect as low as 1.0 nM after 30 min of incubation at 30 °C. Using a log scale, the biosensor had good linearity in the concentration range 50–800 nM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The prepared biosensor was used to test real water samples spiked with paraoxon and showed good correlation with a calibration curve using phosphate buffer.
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This work was supported by CSIRO Sensors and Sensor Networks TCP, Australia.
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Musameh, M.M., Hickey, M. & Kyratzis, I.L. Critical evaluation of electrode design and matrix effects on monitoring organophosphate pesticides using composite carbon nanotube-modified electrodes. Res Chem Intermed 37, 705–717 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-011-0337-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-011-0337-4